Cheng Chang Geng - Teichoukou

A Peking opera actor from the Qing Dynasty in China. His real name was Tsubaki and his style name was Yushan. He was from Qianshan, Anhui Province. He was an actor in the early Peking opera period. He was from the Keban (or Kunban, as some say) and served as the head of the Sanqingban from the 1850s. He was also the head of the Jingzhongmiao (a semi-official actors' guild). He created the Peking opera style by adding the Xipi melody to the Erhuang melody and absorbing Kunqu melody. He was called one of the Three Great Old Men along with Yu Sansheng and Zhang Erkui. Known for his powerful intonation and rich voice, he is famous for his roles as Wu Zixu in "Wen Zhao Pass," Lu Su in "The Qun Ying Assembly," and Guan Yu in "War Changsha." He also played a wide range of roles other than "The Old Man." He was highly respected for his dedication to running his troupe, and he nurtured many great actors, including Tan Xinpei, Sun Juxian, and Yang Yuelou.

[Karima Fumitoshi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)代の京劇俳優。本名は椿(ちん)、字(あざな)は玉珊(ぎょくさん)。安徽(あんき)省潜山の人。京劇創始期の老生(せい)（立役）。科班(かはん)（一説には崑班(こんはん)）の出身で、1850年代から三慶班の座頭を務め、精忠廟(せいちゅうびょう)（半官の俳優組合）の廟主でもあった。彼は二黄(にこう)調を基に西皮(せいひ)の曲調を加え、崑曲(こんきょく)からも吸収して京劇の曲調を編み出し、余三勝(よさんしょう)や張二奎(ちょうじけい)とともに老生三傑とよばれた。力強い節回しと豊かな声量で知られ、『文昭関(ぶんしょうかん)』の伍子胥(ごししょ)や『群英会(ぐんえいえ)』の魯粛(ろしゅく)、『戦長沙(せんちょうさ)』の関羽(かんう)などが有名。また老生以外の役柄も幅広くこなした。一座の運営に心を砕いて人望が厚く、譚鑫培(たんきんばい)や孫菊仙(そんきくせん)、楊月楼(ようげつろう)ら多くの名優を育てた。

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