Wang Fuzhi - Wang Fuzhi

One of the three great thinkers of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties in China. Born in Hengzhou (Hengyang), Hunan Province. His pen name was Ernong, his pen names were Kyosai and Ikko Doujin. He was loved as Sensei Senzan. He was 26 years old when the Ming dynasty fell, and for the next half century, he refused to submit to the rule of the Manchus, a foreign ethnic group, in China, and instead devoted himself to exploring the path of Chinese doctrine and the restoration of his own people in the mountains of Hunan Province. He was deeply influenced by the ideas of the Northern Song scholar Zhang Yequ (Zhai) (his representative work is "Zhang Zizheng's Notes on Mengzhuang"); however, through his own 40 years of intense academic practice in the mountains, he developed an active philosophy of "life" and "movement" that would survive and maintain the Chinese way, and a national and partisan ideology that firmly rejected foreign rule and heresy (Laozi and Zhuangzi). His extensive collected works were published by his fellow townsman Zeng Guofan and his brothers in the late Qing Dynasty, and in particular his "Taoist Instruments Treatise" ("Zhou Yi Wai Zhuan"), which emphasized practical learning and was written in his youth, and his patriotic treatise on China, "Yellow Book" (written at the age of 38), were read and greatly influenced by Tan Sitong and other patriots in the late Qing Dynasty.

[Haruhisa Ogawa February 17, 2016]

"Wang Funzan Poetry and Prose Collection, edited and translated by Jun Takada (Heibonsha, Toyo Bunko)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、明(みん)末清(しん)初の三大思想家の一人。湖南省衡州(こうしゅう)（衡陽）の人。字(あざな)は而農(じのう)、号は薑斎(きょうさい)、一壺道人(いっこどうじん)。船山(せんざん)先生と慕われた。26歳で明の滅亡にあい、以後の半世紀を、異民族である満洲族の中国支配に屈服せず、湖南省の山中で中華の道の闡明(せんめい)と自民族回復の方途(みち)の探究に専念した。彼は北宋(ほくそう)の学者張横渠(ちょうおうきょ)（載）の思想に深い影響を受けたが（代表作『張子正蒙注』）、彼自身の40年にわたる峻烈(しゅんれつ)な山中での学問的実践によって、あくまでも生き抜いて中華の道を絶やさない能動的な「生」と「動」の哲学と、異民族支配や異端（老荘や仏教）を峻拒するナショナルで党派性をもった思想を築き上げた。彼の膨大な全集は清末に同郷の曽国藩(そうこくはん)兄弟によって刊行され、とくに、若き日の論である実学を重んじた「道器論」（『周易外伝(しゅうえきがいでん)』）や愛国的中国論『黄書』（38歳の作）は、清末の譚嗣同(たんしどう)や愛国人士らに愛読され、多大な影響を与えた。

［小川晴久　2016年2月17日］

『高田淳編・訳『王船山詩文集』（平凡社・東洋文庫）』

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