A component of the ovary in vertebrates. The egg is contained within the follicle. After ovulation, the follicle becomes loose and folded, storing blood, but the cells of the follicle eventually change and form a thick layer. The tissue formed in this way is called the corpus luteum. In mammals, the cells of the corpus luteum are mainly formed from cells of the follicular epithelium (granulosa), but cells of the inner capsule can also become luteal cells. There is little cell proliferation during the formation of the corpus luteum, and individual cells become larger. Luteal cells formed from the granulosa have bright, round nuclei and rich cytoplasm that stains well with the red acid pigment eosin, and the cytoplasm contains yellow lipid granules called lutein, from which the corpus luteum is named. On the other hand, luteal cells formed from the inner capsule are smaller than granulosa luteal cells. Under an electron microscope, both types of luteal cells have a highly developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum and are characterized by the presence of large mitochondria with tubular rather than lamellar crystals. When pregnancy is established, each cell undergoes special enlargement, resulting in a larger corpus luteum as a whole (corpus luteum of pregnancy), which secretes large amounts of the hormone progesterone, which is necessary for maintaining pregnancy. At the end of pregnancy, or if pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum begins to rapidly degenerate before the next ovulation. The luteal cells atrophy, undergo fatty degeneration, and disappear. In humans, fibrin fills in the gaps left by the luteal cells, resulting in a white tissue (corpus albuginea) that is visible to the naked eye. The corpus albuginea eventually disappears completely. Follicles at various stages of development can also luteinize without ovulation, which is called an atretic corpus luteum. [Seiichiro Kawashima] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
脊椎(せきつい)動物の卵巣の構成要素の一つ。卵は濾胞(ろほう)(卵胞)の中に含まれていて、排卵のあとの濾胞は緩んでひだが寄り、血液をためているが、やがて濾胞の細胞が変化して厚い層をなすようになる。こうしてできた組織を黄体という。哺乳(ほにゅう)類では、黄体の細胞は主として濾胞上皮(顆粒膜(かりゅうまく))の細胞からできるが、内莢膜(ないきょうまく)の細胞も黄体細胞になることがある。黄体形成に際して細胞の増殖はほとんどなく、個々の細胞が大きくなる。顆粒膜からできる黄体細胞には、明るく丸い核と赤色の酸性色素エオシンによく染まる豊かな細胞質があり、細胞質に、黄体の名の由来であるルテインとよばれる黄色の脂質顆粒を含む。一方の内莢膜からできる黄体細胞は顆粒膜黄体細胞よりも小さい。電子顕微鏡で見ると、両黄体細胞とも滑面小胞体が著しく発達し、層板状ではなく管状のクリスタをもつ大形のミトコンドリアの存在が特徴的である。妊娠が成立すると、個々の細胞が特別に肥大するので、黄体は全体として大きくなり(妊娠黄体)、妊娠維持に必要なホルモンのプロゲステロンを大量に分泌する。妊娠の末期、または妊娠がおこらない場合には、次の排卵までに黄体は急速に退化し始める。黄体細胞は萎縮(いしゅく)し、脂肪変性をおこして消失する。ヒトでは、繊維素が黄体細胞のあとを埋めるので、肉眼で見ると白い組織(白体)となる。白体はやがて完全に消失する。さまざまな発達段階にある濾胞が排卵しないで黄体化することもあり、これを閉鎖黄体という。 [川島誠一郎] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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