...The period of the rise of the nationalist movement can be divided into three waves. The first wave was the movement led by the Tunisian Constitutional Liberal Party (Dustūr Party) after World War I, which demanded a constitution for a constitutional monarchy. The second wave was the popular anti-colonial movement led by Bourguiba, who was expelled from the party in the mid-1930s and formed the Dustour Party (also known as the Bourguiba faction or the New Dustour Party) and emerged as its leader. The third wave was the independence movement after World War II. The French government responded with repression in both cases, but in the 1950s the Dustour Party applied pressure through labor unions and other popular movements, urban terrorism, and rural guerilla tactics, achieving internal autonomy in June 1955 and complete independence in March of the following year. From [Sharia]…[Nakamura Kojiro] In order to deal with the new situations after the systematization of Sharia, secular law (qanun) was established, and ada was also widely used as customary law to complement Sharia. Since the 19th century, European legal systems such as civil and criminal law have been applied with great influence, and constitutions (dustūr) based on European models were established as basic laws, which seriously damaged the idea of the absoluteness and completeness of Sharia. In modern times, there are also situations where the demand for the implementation of Sharia has once again become a sharp political issue. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Dustūr" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…民族運動の高揚期は三つの波に分かれる。すなわち第1の波は第1次大戦後のチュニジア立憲自由党(ドゥストゥールDustūr党)が指導した立憲君主制の憲法を要求する運動,第2の波は,1930年代半ばに,同党を除名され,同名のドゥストゥール党(ブルギーバ派,新ドゥストゥール党ともよばれる)を結成しその指導者として台頭したブルギーバが率いた大衆的な反植民地支配運動,第3の波は第2次大戦後の独立運動である。フランス政府はいずれも弾圧をもって臨んだが,50年代に入ってドゥストゥール党は労働組合ほかの大衆運動,都市テロ,農村ゲリラ戦術によって圧力をかけ,55年6月に内政上の自治,翌56年3月に完全独立を達成した。… 【シャリーア】より…【中村 広治郎】 シャリーア体系化後の新しい事態に対処するため,世俗法(カーヌーン)が定められ,またアーダもシャリーアを補完する慣習法として広く用いられた。19世紀以降,民法・刑法などヨーロッパの法体系が強い影響力をもって適用され,またヨーロッパにならった基本法としての憲法(ドゥストゥールdustūr)が制定されたりするようになると,シャリーアの絶対性・完結性の理念はいたく傷つけられた。現代においてシャリーアの実施への要求が,あらためて尖鋭な政治的争点とされる局面もみられるようになっている。… ※「Dustūr」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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