...For this reason, military men such as Espartero, Narvaez, and O'Donnell intervened in politics, which was a characteristic of the reign of Isabella II. In addition, as Spain took on the form of a liberal state after 1833, the bourgeoisie class rose to prominence, and in 1836 the Desamortización (Desamortización) was issued. This decree caused a rift with the Catholic Church, which lost its permanent property, but relations were improved by the Concordat (Treaty of Peace and Amity, 1851) with the Vatican. From Spain…The enlightened monarchs and ministers of the second half of the 18th century had already implemented various policies to curtail the power of the Church in the field of education and in rural areas, but the real suppression began when Napoleon reduced the number of monasteries by one third. The liberal governments followed similar measures, and Mendizábal's law on the sale of church property in 1836 deprived the Church of its economic base (the evaluation of this law, called "desamortización," is still not unified). The liberal governments proclaimed civil liberties and rights, such as the right to own private property and the freedom to choose a profession, in the text of the constitution, but they did not guarantee equality of citizens. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Desamortización" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…そのため,エスパルテロ,ナルバエス,オドンネルらの軍人が政治に介入したのも,イサベル2世時代の特色である。また,1833年以降自由主義国家の形態を整えていったスペインでは,ブルジョア階級の台頭が著しく,36年には永代所有財産解放令desamortización(1855年にも実施)が布告された。この法令のため永代所有財産を失ったカトリック教会との間に亀裂が生じたが,バチカンとのコンコルダート(和親条約,1851)によって関係が改善された。… 【スペイン】より…18世紀後半の啓蒙君主と諸大臣によって,教育の分野と農村地域における教会の権力を抑制する種々の政策がすでに打ち出されていたが,本格的な抑圧は,ナポレオンが修道院の数を1/3まで削減したときに始まる。同様の措置を自由主義政府も継承し,36年のメンディサバルによる教会財産の売却に関する法律は教会の経済的基盤を奪った(〈デサモルティサシオンdesamortización〉と呼ばれるこの法律の評価については,現在でも統一的見解はない)。 自由主義政府は,憲法の条文において,私有財産の所有および職業選択の自由などの市民的自由と権利を宣言したが,国民の平等を保障したわけではなかった。… ※「Desamortización」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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