...Reflecting the supremacy of the Brahmins since the Vedic period, it is characterized by the fact that many of the provisions give the highest priority to the interests of the Brahmins, or priestly class. The sources of law in the Dharma-Shastra are primarily the divine revelation (śruti) of the Vedic scriptures inherited from the Dharma-Sutras, and the traditions (smṛti) of people well versed in the Vedas, but many other sources also cite the customs of virtuous people (śiṣṭācāra) and the customary laws (deśa-jāti-kula-dharma) that were established within regions, classes, and families. As mentioned above, the Dharma-Shastras were not a collection of laws with actual binding force, but they were respected for a long time as a code of conduct for the common people in Brahmanism and the Hindu society that developed from it. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "deśa-jāti-kula-dharma" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ベーダ以来のバラモン至上主義を反映して,バラモンすなわち祭官階級の利害を最重要視した規定の多いことが特徴としてあげられる。 〈ダルマ・シャーストラ〉の法源としては,ダルマ・スートラから継承したベーダ聖典の天啓〈シュルティśruti〉およびベーダに精通した人々による伝承〈スムリティsmṛti〉がまず第一にあげられるが,その他に有徳者の慣習〈シシュターチャーラśiṣṭācāra〉や地方,階級,家系の内部でそれぞれに成立した慣習法〈デーシャ・ジャーティ・クラ・ダルマdeśa‐jāti‐kula‐dharma〉を法源としてあげる文献も多い。 〈ダルマ・シャーストラ〉は,上述のとおり実際的な強制力をもった法令集ではなかったが,バラモン教およびそれから発展したヒンドゥー教の社会の中で,民衆の生活の規範として長期にわたり尊重された。… ※「deśa-jāti-kula-dharma」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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