...The history of this system is as old as the emergence of armies and warfare, and dates back to ancient Rome, when a battlefield commander was given the authority to punish any crime committed by his soldiers or military personnel. Corporal punishment (such as flogging) and the death penalty were frequently used as punishment, as was the ancient form of punishment known as decimation (a system in which one soldier out of every ten soldiers was executed). Medieval military trials were simple and crude. A typical example is the 1190 Statute by King Richard I of England, which banned theft and fighting within the Crusades, but there were no procedural regulations or courts-martial. ... *Some terminology explanations that mention "decimation" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…この制度の歴史は軍隊や戦争の出現とともに古く,古代ローマ時代から存在し,戦場の指揮官には部下の軍人,軍属のいかなる犯罪に対しても刑罰を科する権限が与えられていた。罰として体刑(笞刑(ちけい)など)や死刑が頻繁に行われ,デシメーションdecimation(兵士10人につき1人を処刑する処刑者選択制度)という古式の刑も行われた。中世の軍事裁判は単純,粗野であり,代表的な例はイギリスのリチャード1世が十字軍内部の窃盗や争いを禁じた1190年の律令であるが,手続規定や軍法会議はなかった。… ※「decimation」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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