Nakamura Nakazo

Japanese: 中村仲蔵 - なかむらなかぞう

Kabuki actor.

First World

(1736-90). Stage name: Sakaeya. Haiku name: Shukaku. A famous actor, known for his new direction of Sadakuro in the fifth act of "Chushingura" and for perfecting theatrical dance during the Tenmei period (1781-1789). Born the son of a ronin. Raised by Nakayama Kojuro (whose wife was Shigayama Oshun), a master of Edo Nagauta. Starting out as a subordinate without any family connections, he rose through the ranks through his own ability while fighting against adversity, and in 1785 (Tenmei 5) reached the highest rank of Jokichi, a true villain. He was known for his realistic style of acting, playing the roles of iroaku, villain, and leading actor, but was also the leading figure of his time in shosagoto. He was the first to perform the Tokiwazu pieces "Seki no Tobira" and "Modorikago". In the Shigayama school of dance, he has a unique style of movement called "Nakazo-buri". He has written books such as "Tsukiyuki Hana Ne Monogatari", "Shosa Shugyo Tabi Nikki" and "Hidekaku Zuihitsu".

[Yukio Hattori]

II

(1759-1796) was the adopted son of the first master. After passing through the ranks of the second master Otani Haruji and the third master Otani Oniji, he took the stage name of the second master Nakazo in November 1794 (Kansei 6). He admired the artistic style of the first master Nakazo and absorbed it well, but he died shortly after taking the stage name.

[Yukio Hattori]

III

(1809-1886) Like the first Nakazo, he started out as a lower-class performer, but after much hardship he became known as one of the great masters of all time. In 1853 (Kaei 6), he performed the role of Bat Yasu in "Yowanasake Ukina no Yokogushi," which became his breakthrough performance. In 1865 (Keio 1), he took on the stage name of Nakazo III. Well versed in the traditions of the arts, he was highly regarded as a master of the arts. He wrote "Temaemiso" and "Zekkucho."

[Yukio Hattori]

IV

(1855-1916) A disciple of the 13th Nakamura Kanzaburo. The 12th Nakamura Kangoro took the stage name of the 4th Nakamura in April 1915 (Taisho 4), but died of illness in the New Year of the following year.

[Yukio Hattori]

5th

(1935-1992) A disciple of the 17th Nakamura Kanzaburo. The 13th Nakamura Kangoro took the stage name of the 5th Nakazo in 1989 (Heisei 1). He was active as a supporting actor but died young.

There was also an actor in Kamigata named Nakamura Nakazo, and the name continued for four generations. The first was a leading figure in Hama-shibai (seaside theater), active during the Tenmei and Kansei periods (1781-1801). The fourth (1817-1881) was succeeded in 1848 (Kaei 1) by Bando Juzaburo the First. He was the adopted son of Nakamura Kashichi the Third, and later became Nakamura Kashichi the Fourth. The second and third generations did not stand out.

[Yukio Hattori]

"Shotaro Koike's translation of "A Self-Promotional Translation of the Third Nakazo's Autobiography" (1972, Kadokawa Shoten)"

Nakamura Nakazo (1st)
©Shogakukan Library ">

Nakamura Nakazo (1st)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

歌舞伎(かぶき)俳優。

初世

（1736―90）屋号栄屋(さかえや)。俳名秀鶴(しゅうかく)。『忠臣蔵(ちゅうしんぐら)』五段目の定九郎の新演出や天明(てんめい)期（1781～1789）における劇舞踊の大成者として著名な俳優。浪人の子に生まれる。江戸長唄(ながうた)の名手中山小十郎(こじゅうろう)（妻は志賀山お俊(しゅん)）に養育された。門閥のない下回りから出発し、逆境と戦いながら実力をもって出世し、1785年（天明5）には実悪(じつあく)の至上上吉にまで昇った。色悪(いろあく)、敵役(かたきやく)、立役(たちやく)を兼ね、写実的な芸風で知られる一方、所作事(しょさごと)では当時の第一人者であった。常磐津(ときわず)地の『関の扉(せきのと)』や『戻駕(もどりかご)』の初演者。舞踊の志賀山流には「仲蔵ぶり」とよぶ独自の振(ふり)の型が伝わる。『月雪花寝物語(つきゆきはなねものがたり)』『所作修業旅日記』『秀鶴随筆』などの著書がある。

［服部幸雄］

2世

（1759―1796）初世の養子。2世大谷春次(はるじ)、3世大谷鬼次(おにじ)を経て、1794年（寛政6）11月2世仲蔵を襲名した。初世仲蔵の芸風を慕い、よくそれを吸収していたが、襲名後まもなく没した。

［服部幸雄］

3世

（1809―1886）初世同様下回りから出発し、苦労のすえ、実悪で古今の名人と称されるまでになった。1853年（嘉永6）に『与話情浮名横櫛(よわなさけうきなのよこぐし)』の蝙蝠安(こうもりやす)を演じて成功、これが出世芸になった。1865年（慶応1）3世仲蔵を襲名。芸道の故実に通じ、芝居道の師匠番として重んじられた。『手前味噌(てまえみそ)』『絶句帖(ぜっくちょう)』の著書がある。

［服部幸雄］

4世

（1855―1916）13世中村勘三郎の門弟。12世中村勘五郎が、1915年（大正4）4月に4世を襲名したが、翌年正月に病没した。

［服部幸雄］

5世

（1935―1992）17世中村勘三郎の門弟。13世中村勘五郎が1989年（平成1）に5世仲蔵を襲名した。脇役(わきやく)として活躍したが早世した。

　なお、上方(かみがた)にも中村仲蔵を名のる俳優があり、その名跡は4世まで続いた。初世は浜芝居の大立者として、天明(てんめい)・寛政(かんせい)期（1781～1801）に活躍した人。4世（1817―1881）は初世坂東寿三郎(ばんどうじゅうざぶろう)が1848年（嘉永1）に継いだ。3世中村歌七(かしち)の養子、後の4世中村嘉七(かしち)。2、3世は目だたなかった。

［服部幸雄］

『小池章太郎訳『口訳手前味噌――三代目仲蔵自伝』（1972・角川書店）』

中村仲蔵（初世）

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