A general term for paper originating from Mino Province (Gifu Prefecture). Mino has been famous for its washi since ancient times, and the paper for family registers in the Shosoin documents from 702 (Taiho 2) is the oldest surviving washi paper in Japan, but among them, the paper from Mino Province (written as Ono Province at the time) is superior in quality to that from Chikuzen Province (Fukuoka Prefecture) and Buzen Province (Oita Prefecture), and there are many documents showing that Mino Province surpassed other provinces in terms of papermaking even during the Heian period. Under the administration of Toki Shigeyori, who ruled the Mino region after the Onin War (1467-1477), papermaking secured its position as a major industry in the region from the Middle Ages onwards. Minoshi paper sent to Kyoto became well known as it appeared in many poems and prose by the Zen monks of the Five Mountains at the time, and Oyata (Mino City) flourished as a paper production center. It was also used for writing Japanese books, and the names Minohon and Minoban became common. The name Minoshi was also included in the Nippon-Portuguese Dictionary published in 1603 (Keicho 8). Representative Minoshi papers include the thick Morishita and the thin Tengujo, which are still made in the areas along the Itadori and Mugi rivers, tributaries of the Nagara River. The "List of Papers from Various Provinces," compiled by Ozaki Tomigoro and published in 1877 (Meiji 10), lists the following types of paper produced in Mino: Oshomotsu-shi, Onsadamenaoshi, Shoin-shi, Usu Shoin, Mon Shoin, Tengucho, Kogiku-shi, Takenaga, Itabarishi, Minohanshi, Hangiri-shi, Ganpi-shi, Usu-shi, Naka-shi, and O-ganpi. Shoin-shi in particular is famous as shoji paper, and in the "Shinsen Kamikagami" compiled by Kimura Seichiku and published in 1777 (An'ei 6), it was already said that "Mino is the best when it comes to shoji paper," and Mino paper was sometimes referred to as another name for shoin-shi. Currently, it is actively produced in the Warabi area of Mino City, but the original, purely handmade paper is called Honminoshi. In 1969 (Showa 44), the Honminoshi Preservation Society was formed and the paper was designated as an Important Intangible Cultural Property of Japan. [Machida Masayuki] Furthermore, in 2014, it was registered as an Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) as "Washi - Japanese Handmade Paper Crafts," along with "Sekishu Banshi" (Iwami Banshi) from Hamada City, Shimane Prefecture, and "Hosokawashi" from Ogawa Town and Higashichichibu Village, Saitama Prefecture. [Editorial Department] "Mino Paper - Its History and Development" edited by Mamoru Sawamura (1983, Mokujisha) [Reference item] |©Gifu Prefecture "> Mino paper ©Gifu Prefecture "> Hand-made Mino paper Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
美濃国(岐阜県)を原産とする紙の総称。美濃はもっとも古くからの和紙の名産地で、702年(大宝2)の『正倉院文書』の戸籍用紙は、わが国で現存する最古の和紙であるが、そのなかでも美濃国(当時は御野国と書いた)の紙は、筑前(ちくぜん)国(福岡県)や豊前(ぶぜん)国(大分県)のものよりも紙質が優れており、製紙に関しては平安時代でも美濃国が他国をしのいでいたことを示す文献が多い。応仁(おうにん)の乱(1467~1477)後、美濃一帯を統治した土岐成頼(ときしげより)の施政により、中世以降この地方の一大産業としての地位を確保した。京都へ送られた美濃紙は、当時の五山の禅僧の詩文に多く表れてその名を知られ、大矢田(おおやた)(美濃市)は紙の集産地として栄えた。また和本の用紙にも使われて、美濃本あるいは美濃判の名が一般化した。美濃紙の名は、1603年(慶長8)刊の『日葡(にっぽ)辞書』にも採録されている。代表的な美濃紙としては、厚手の森下(もりした)、薄手の典具帖(てんぐじょう)があるが、これらは現在でも長良(ながら)川支流の板取(いたとり)川、および武儀(むぎ)川に沿った地方で漉(す)かれている。1877年(明治10)刊の尾崎富五郎編『諸国紙名録』には、美濃産紙として大書物紙、御定直(おんさだめなおし)紙、書院紙、薄書院、紋書院、天具帖、小菊(こぎく)紙、丈永(たけなが)、板張紙(いたばりし)、美濃半紙、半切(はんぎり)紙、雁皮(がんぴ)紙、薄用紙、中用紙、黄雁皮などの名をあげている。とくに書院紙は障子紙として有名で、1777年(安永6)刊の木村青竹(せいちく)編『新撰紙鑑(しんせんかみかがみ)』にすでに「凡(およ)そ障子紙の類は美濃を最上とす」との評価を受け、美濃紙を書院紙の別名のようにいうこともあった。 現在、美濃市蕨(わらび)地区を中心として盛んに漉き出されているが、なかでも本来の純粋な手漉きによるものは本美濃紙と称され、1969年(昭和44)に本美濃紙保存会が結成され、国の重要無形文化財に総合指定された。 [町田誠之] また2014年(平成26)には、島根県浜田市の「石州半紙(せきしゅうばんし)」(石見(いわみ)半紙)、埼玉県小川町、東秩父(ひがしちちぶ)村の「細川紙(ほそかわし)」とともに、「和紙―日本の手漉和紙技術」としてユネスコ(国連教育科学文化機関)の無形文化遺産に登録された。 [編集部] 『澤村守編『美濃紙――その歴史と展開』(1983・木耳社)』 [参照項目] |©岐阜県"> 美濃紙 ©岐阜県"> 美濃紙の手漉き作業 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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