War and Defense - Kosenbousen

Japanese: 故戦･防戦 - こせんぼうせん

In the Middle Ages, in private disputes, initiating a fight and fighting to prevent it were called "Kousen Bosen." In the Muromachi Shogunate's court cases dated December 13, 1346 (Shohei 1, Sadawa 2), in the section "Kousen Bosen Matters" in the "Shokoku Rouji Joyo," it is written, "Even if there is a strong ulterior motive, an appeal (a lawsuit filed in the Shogunate court) should be made and a decision should be sought, but those who resort to fighting and killing on their own volition will not be able to escape punishment. After all, in a case of a war, even if the lawsuit is justified, there is no way to escape punishment for reckless behavior, (omitted) and from now on, this will be strictly prohibited."

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中世に私的な争いで，戦いをしかけることとそれを防いで戦うことを，〈故戦防戦〉と称した。1346年(正平1∥貞和2)12月13日の室町幕府の裁判例，〈諸国狼藉条々〉の中の〈故戦防戦事〉という項に，〈たとえ，確論の宿意があっても，上訴(幕府裁判所に提訴すること)を経て裁断を仰ぐべきのところ，雅意に任せて闘殺に及ぶ者は其の科遁れがたし。所詮，故戦においては，本訴の道理を懐くと雖えども，濫吹の罪責遁るべからず，(中略)今後は固く禁止する。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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