Cuman

Japanese: Cuman
Cuman

...In 271, Rome withdrew and the so-called Migration Period began, with Slavs especially settling in the area in the 6th century. During the heyday of the Kievan Rus state, its rule extended to northern Moldova, but from the 10th century onwards, the invasions of the Pechenegs and Cumans (called Polovtsians in Russian) gradually intensified, and in the 12th and 13th centuries the White Cumans were established in the area, and the natives were obliged to pay tribute. In 1241, the Mongol invasion destroyed the Cuman state, and it eventually came under the control of the Golden Hungarian Khanate, but the Mongols continued to raid across the Eastern Carpathians, and the Hungarian king needed to secure Moldova in order to preserve Transylvania.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Cuman" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…271年ローマは撤退しいわゆる民族移動期に入るが,とくに6世紀にはスラブ人がこの地に移住した。キエフ・ロシア国家の最盛期にはその支配はモルドバ北部にまで及んだが,他方10世紀以降ペチェネグやクマンCuman(ロシア語ではポロベツ人)の侵入もしだいに強まり,12~13世紀初めにはこの地に白クマン国が成立し,原住民は貢納を義務づけられた。1241年モンゴルの侵入によってクマンの国家は崩壊し,やがてキプチャク・ハーン国の支配下に置かれたが,その後もモンゴル人はしばしば東カルパチ山脈を越えて略奪を行ったため,ハンガリー王はトランシルバニアの保全のためにもモルドバの確保を必要とした。…

※「Cuman」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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