Tobis-Klangfilm

Japanese: Tobis-Klangfilm(英語表記)TobisKlangfilm
Tobis-Klangfilm

...However, Germany had a well-developed system of free contracts and rental studio facilities, and conscientious filmmakers were able to set up independent production companies and still have the freedom to make films without the constraints of big capital. This allowed G.W. Papst to make films such as Joyless City (1925), which depicts Vienna after the war, and Pandora's Box (1928) and The Diary of a Fallen Woman (1927), which made Louise Brooks a star in film history. Films that depicted the cruel reality of society were also made, such as Gerhard Lamprecht's The Fifth Estate (1925) and Friedrich Czernik's The Weaver (1927), based on Hauptmann's play.
[The Talkie Era: The Establishment of Tobis and the Activities of Director Papst]
Talkies started in Germany about three years later than in the United States, but Germany soon perfected its own talkie system, the Tobis-Klangfilm system, and full-scale production began around 1929.At the same time, a high level of trust developed, and the two major film companies, Ufa and Tobis, came to dominate the market. Films produced in this film include Melodies of the World (1929) by Walter Ruttmann, The Blue Angel (1930) by Joseph von Sternberg, M (1931) by Lang, The Congress Dances (1931) by Eric Charel, The Virgin in Uniform (1931) by Leontine Sagan, The Unfinished Symphony (1933) by Willi Forst, and Vienna at Twilight (1934). The anti-Nazi director Papst also produced controversial films such as the anti-war film On the Western Front (1930), The Threepenny Opera (1931), which sharply portrayed the corruption and hypocrisy of capitalist society, and The Coal Mine (1931), which depicted international solidarity among workers, and contributed to the establishment of "talkie art" in Germany.

*Some of the terms mentioned in "Tobis-Klangfilm" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…それでもドイツでは自由契約制度や貸しスタジオの設備が発達していて,良心的映画作家たちは独立プロダクションを設立し,大資本の制約をのがれて映画をつくる自由が残されていたため,G.W.パプストは,敗戦後のウィーンを描いた《喜びなき街》(1925)や,ルイズ・ブルックスを映画史に残るスターにした《パンドラの箱》(1928)および《淪落の女の日記》(1927)などをつくり,また,ゲアハルト・ランプレヒト監督《第五階級》(1925),ハウプトマンの劇によるフリードリヒ・ツェルニーク監督《織匠》(1927)など社会の冷酷な現実を描いた作品もつくられた。
[トーキー時代――トビス社の設立とパプスト監督の活躍]
 トーキーは,アメリカより約3年遅れて出発したが,まもなくドイツ独自のトーキー・システム〈トビス・クラングフィルムTobis‐Klangfilm式〉が完成され,1929年ころから本格的な製作が始まり,同時に高度なトラスト化が進んでウーファとトビスTobisの二大映画会社が市場を支配した。ワルター・ルットマン監督《世界のメロディ》(1929),ジョゼフ・フォン・スタンバーグ監督《嘆きの天使》(1930),ラング監督《M》(1931),エリック・シャレル監督《会議は踊る》(1931),レオンティーネ・ザガン監督《制服の処女》(1931),ウィリー・フォルスト監督《未完成交響楽》(1933),《たそがれの維納(ウイーン)》(1934)などがつくられ,また反ナチスの監督パプストは反戦映画《西部戦線一九一八年》(1930),資本主義社会の腐敗と偽善を痛烈に描いた《三文オペラ》(1931),労働者の国際的連帯を描いた《炭坑》(1931)などの問題作をつくり,ドイツの〈トーキー芸術〉確立に寄与した。…

※「Tobis-Klangfilm」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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