In a broad sense, it includes any venue where a performance takes place in front of an audience. In this case, venues can be churches, imperial halls, salons in the homes of the bourgeoisie, or venues used for other purposes such as lecture halls, theaters, and outdoor stages. In a narrower sense, it refers to buildings built with acoustics in mind for public concerts (which arose in the mid-18th century with the rise of the bourgeoisie). Old examples include the Hanover Square Rooms (1774) in England and the Gewandhaus (81) in Germany, which was converted into a music hall by the architect Eser. Buildings built in the 19th century include Carnegie Hall (1891) in New York, the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam, and the Musikverein in Vienna, which were originally built as social venues but became performance venues because of their excellent acoustics. Since the beginning of the 20th century, there have been such concert halls as the Royal Festival Hall in London (1951), the Philharmonic Hall at Lincoln Center in New York (62), and the Berlin Musikhaus (63), but despite their sophisticated acoustic designs, it is said that they have not necessarily been highly acclaimed among performers. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
広い意味では聴衆を前に演奏が成立する場すべてを含む。この場合,教会,宮廷の広間,市民階級の家のサロンから講堂,劇場,屋外舞台のような他の目的にも使用される場も演奏会場になる。狭い意味では公開演奏会 (18世紀中葉,市民階級の台頭とともに発生) を行うために音響効果を考慮して建てられた建物。イギリスのハノーバー・スクエアルームズ (1774) ,ドイツでは建築技師エーザーによってミュージックホールに改装されたゲバントハウス (81) が古い例で,19世紀に建てられたものにニューヨークのカーネギー・ホール (1891) や,初め社交場として設けられ,音響効果がすぐれているために演奏会場になったアムステルダムのコンセルトヘボウ,ウィーンのムジークフェラインなどがある。 20世紀に入ってからはロンドンのロイヤル・フェスティバル・ホール (1951) ,ニューヨークのリンカーン・センターにあるフィルハーモニック・ホール (62) ,ベルリン音楽堂 (63) などがあるが,これらは音響設計の粋を凝らしたにもかかわらず,演奏家の間では必ずしも高い評価を受けていないといわれる。
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