Remiges - flight feathers

Japanese: 風切羽 - かざきりばね（英語表記）remiges

A series of long feathers lined up at the rear of the wing. Also called flight feathers. In flying birds, these feathers have a central shaft that is tilted outward. The feathers that attach to the second phalanges and palmar bones at the tip of the wing are called primary flight feathers. They are the longest feathers on the wing and provide lift and propulsion when the bird flaps. There are usually 9 to 11 feathers, but grebes and storks have 12. The feathers that attach to the arm (ulna) are called secondary flight feathers, which are shorter and wider than the primary flight feathers. The number of feathers varies by species, from 6 in hummingbirds to nearly 40 in albatrosses, and there are many in species with long wings and long ulnas. They mainly serve to provide lift when gliding. The several secondary flight feathers closest to the body are sometimes called tertiary flight feathers. Some tertiary flight feathers have been modified for purposes other than flight, such as the ginkgo feathers of the Mandarin Duck.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

翼の後部側に並ぶ一連の長い羽毛。風切ともいう。飛翔力をもつ鳥のこの羽毛は，ほかの羽毛では中央にある羽軸が外側にかたよっている。先端部の手にあたる部分の第2指骨と腕掌骨に付着するものを初列風切羽といい，翼の羽毛では最も長く，おもにはばたいたときに上昇力や推進力を与える。普通 9～11枚だが，カイツブリやコウノトリ類には 12枚ある。腕（尺骨）に付着するものを次列風切羽といい，初列風切羽より短くて幅が広い。枚数はハチドリ類の 6枚からアホウドリの 40枚近くまで種によって異なり，長い翼をもち，尺骨の長い種には多い。おもに滑翔したときに上昇する揚力を得るのに役立つ。次列風切羽のいちばん体側にある数枚を三列風切羽として扱うこともある。三列風切羽はオシドリのイチョウ羽のように飛翔以外の目的に変化しているものもある。

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