The capital of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the northwest of Russia. Population 366,200 (1999). A port city, the urban area is located at the head of the Dvina Bay in the White Sea, on the banks of the Northern Dvina River, and on islands in the river delta. It is a major center of Russia's lumber industry and lumber exports, and many workers are employed in wood processing industries such as the Solombarsk Paper and Pulp Combinat and wood chemical industries. Other industries include shipbuilding (cargo ships, fishing boats), ship repair, machinery manufacturing related to wood processing, food (fish processing, meat) and building materials industries. The city was Russia's first seaport, opened in 1584 as a base for the westward expansion, and traded with Britain and other Western European countries. It lost its leading role when St. Petersburg was founded in 1703, but it developed again after the opening of the railway, and became a major center of Russia's lumber industry and lumber exports from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. It is also the center of the Northern Sea Route (opened in 1932) and fishing. There are educational and cultural facilities such as woodworking, medical and education universities, a maritime college, a folk house museum and a plastic arts museum. [Taizo Nakamura and Toshio Omata] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシア連邦北西部、アルハンゲリスク州の州都。人口36万6200(1999)。港湾都市で、白海のドビナ湾奥、北ドビナ川岸と河口デルタの諸島に市街地が形成されている。ロシアの製材業と木材輸出の大中心地で、ソロンバルスク紙・パルプコンビナートなどの木材加工業や木材化学工業に多数の労働者が従事している。そのほか、造船(貨物船、漁船)、船舶修理、木材加工業に関連する機械製作、食品(水産加工、食肉)工業、建材工業が発展している。市は1584年、西方進出の拠点として開かれたロシア最初の海港で、イギリスその他の西欧諸国と交易が行われた。1703年にサンクト・ペテルブルグが建設されて主導的役割はなくなったが、鉄道開通後ふたたび発展し、19世紀末から20世紀の初めにはロシアの木材工業、木材輸出の大中心地となった。北洋航路(1932年開発)、漁業の中心でもある。木工、医科、教育の各大学、航海専門学校、民家博物館、造形美術館などの教育・文化施設がある。 [中村泰三・小俣利男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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