An Indian dynasty. From the mid-8th century to the end of the 12th century, it ruled the Bihar and Bengal regions along the Ganges River. To save the region from chaos after the fall of the Late Gupta dynasty, Gopala was chosen to take the throne around 750 and founded the dynasty. The next Dharmapala conquered the Pratihara dynasty in the northwest and the Rashtrakuta dynasty in the southwest, and advanced to Kanauj, expanding the territory of the kingdom. The following Divapala in the first half of the 9th century also won many victories, but after that the Pratihara dynasty invaded violently, and in the early 11th century, the power of the Divapala declined due to the invasion of the Chola dynasty of southern India. It temporarily regained its power at the end of the 11th century, but by the mid-12th century, the Bengal region had fallen into the hands of the Sena dynasty, and at the end of the same century, it was destroyed by the invasion of Muslims. This dynasty protected Buddhism and built a large monastery at Vikramashila, where esoteric Buddhism influenced by Hindu Shaivism was practiced, and exchanges with Nepal also deepened. During this period, new styles were created in painting and sculpture, and the female bodhisattva Tara, often depicted in a seductive pose, is a representative example. [Noboru Karashima] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
インドの王朝。8世紀中葉から12世紀末葉にかけて、ガンジス川流域のビハール、ベンガル地方を支配した。後期グプタ朝滅亡後の同地方の混乱を救うために、750年ごろゴーパーラが選ばれて王位につき、王朝を創始した。次のダルマパーラは、北西方のプラティーハーラ朝、南西方のラーシュトラクータ朝を抑えてカナウジに進出し、王国の版図を拡大した。続く9世紀前半のディーバパーラも数々の勝利を収めたが、その後はプラティーハーラ朝の侵攻が激しく、11世紀初頭には南インドのチョーラ朝の侵入をも受けて勢力が衰退した。11世紀末に一時勢力を回復したが、12世紀中ごろまでにベンガル地方がセーナ朝の手に落ち、同末期にはムスリムの侵入をも受けて滅亡した。この王朝は仏教を保護し、ビクラマシーラに大きな僧院が建立されたが、仏教はヒンドゥー教シバ派の影響を受けた密教が行われ、ネパールとの交流も深まった。この時代、絵画、彫刻にも新しい様式が生み出され、しばしば妖艶(ようえん)な姿態で表される女性菩薩(ぼさつ)のターラー菩薩はその代表的なものである。 [辛島 昇] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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