Centrifugal force

Japanese: 遠心力 - えんしんりょく
Centrifugal force

The outward force that an object experiences when moving around a fixed point, such as in a circular motion. It is due to the object's inertia, and is an apparent force that occurs in a rotating coordinate system, unlike normal forces (forces that cause an object to accelerate due to their action). It can also be thought of as a reaction to an external force acting on the object and causing it to accelerate (the centripetal force in the case of circular motion). The centrifugal force acting on an object of mass m moving in a circular motion around a circle of radius r with speed v or angular velocity ω (ω = v / r ) has a magnitude of mv 2 / r or mr ω 2 and is directed outward along the radius. It is equal in magnitude to but opposite in direction to the force that continues the circular motion, i.e. the centripetal force.

The existence of centrifugal force is often felt in daily life by riding on a rotating coordinate system. For example, when you ride a merry-go-round or a coaster at an amusement park that rotates, you feel a strong pull outward. This is centrifugal force. Applications of centrifugal force include centrifuges and the spin-drying function of electric washing machines.

[Yasuhisa Abe]

[Reference] | Rotational motion | Centripetal force
Centrifugal force
©Shogakukan ">

Centrifugal force


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

円運動のように固定点の周りを運動している物体が外向きに受ける力のこと。これは物体の慣性によるものであり、通常の力(その作用によって物体に加速度を生じさせる力)とは異なり、回転座標系で生じる見かけ上の力である。物体に作用し加速度を生じさせている外力(円運動の場合は向心力)に対する反作用と考えることもできる。半径rの円周上を速さv、または角速度ω(ω=v/r)で円運動を行っている質量mの物体に作用する遠心力は、大きさmv2/rまたはmrω2で、半径に沿って外向きである。これは、円運動を続けさせている力、すなわち向心力と大きさが同じで向きが逆である。

 遠心力の存在は、回転座標系に乗ることによって日常しばしば感じられる。たとえば、遊園地にあるメリーゴーラウンド、ループ・コースターなどの回転運動を行う乗り物に乗ると、外側に強く引かれるように感ずる。これが遠心力である。遠心力を応用したものとしては遠心分離機や電気洗濯機の脱水機能などがある。

[阿部恭久]

[参照項目] | 回転運動 | 向心力
遠心力
©Shogakukan">

遠心力


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