Tooke, Thomas

Japanese: トゥック（英語表記）Tooke， Thomas

Born: February 22, 1774, Petersburg
[Died] February 26, 1858, London. British businessman and economist born in Russia. He was involved in the management of various companies, including the London and Birmingham Railway Company, and trade with Russia. He was an early advocate of free trade, and was involved in drafting the Merchants' Petition (1820), which was a pioneer of the practical movement against protective tariffs. During the currency debate, he played an active role as a central figure in the banking school, arguing that price fluctuations are not caused by an increase or decrease in banknotes, but are determined by the supply and demand of goods, and tried to prove this. He also clarified that demand deposits and banknotes play the same role as money. His major works include On the Currency in Connexion with the Corn Trade and the Corn Laws (1829), A History of Prices, and of the State of the Circulation from 1793 to 1856 (6 vols., 38-57), and An Inquiry into the Currency Principles (44).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1774.2.22. ペテルブルグ
[没]1858.2.26. ロンドン
ロシア生れのイギリスの実業家，経済学者。ロンドン・バーミンガム鉄道会社など種々の企業の経営やロシア貿易に従事し，早くから自由貿易を説き，保護関税反対の実践運動の先駆となった「商人請願」 Merchants' Petition (1820) の起草にたずさわった。通貨論争時には銀行学派の中心人物として活躍し，価格変動は銀行券の増減によって生じるのではなく，商品の需給関係によって決定されることを主張し，これを実証しようとした。また要求払い預金と銀行券とは貨幣と同じ役割を果す点を明らかにした。主著『穀物貿易，穀物法との関連での通貨について』 On the Currency in Connexion with the Corn Trade and the Corn Laws (1829) ，『物価史』A History of Prices，and of the State of the Circulation from 1793 to 1856 (6巻，38～57) ，『通貨原理の研究』 An Inquiry into the Currency Principles (44) など。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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