cofactor

Japanese: cofactor
cofactor

…There are thousands or tens of thousands of types of enzyme proteins produced in living organisms, and the primary reason for the differences in the structure and properties of each protein is the difference in the composition and sequence of the amino acid residues that make up the polypeptide chain. It is well known today that differences in the primary structure of proteins are based on differences in the genetic information of DNA, but the individuality of enzyme molecules is also influenced by the combination of subunits and the types of cofactors other than protein molecules. In contrast to enzymes that are made up of only protein, molecules that combine components other than protein necessary for activity are called holoenzymes, and the protein portion of the holoenzyme is called apoenzymes. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "cofactor" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…生体内でつくられる酵素タンパク質の種類は数千から数万におよぶが,それぞれのタンパク質の構造と性質の違いの第1の原因は,ポリペプチド鎖を構成するアミノ酸残基の組成と配列順序の違いである。タンパク質の一次構造の違いが,DNAの遺伝情報の違いに基づくことは今日よく知られているが,酵素分子の個性は,この上にさらにサブユニットの組合せや,タンパク質分子以外の補欠因子族cofactorの種類によっても影響される。タンパク質だけから成る酵素に対して,活性発現に必要なタンパク質以外の成分を結合した分子をホロ酵素holoenzyme,ホロ酵素のタンパク質部分をアポ酵素apoenzymeと呼ぶ。…

※「cofactor」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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