Permanent deformation

Japanese: 永久変形 - えいきゅうへんけい（英語表記）permanent deformation

When a force is applied to a solid to deform it, if the force exceeds the elastic limit (→ proportional limit) or if it is applied at high temperatures for a long period of time, the deformation remains even after the applied force is removed. Examples of the former are metal molded products such as coins, and examples of the latter are bamboo crafts such as tea spoons and plastic products. The property of a solid returning to its original shape when the applied force is removed is called elasticity, while the property of a solid not returning to its original shape but becoming permanently deformed is called plasticity.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

固体に力を加えて変形させるとき，その力が弾性限度 (→比例限度 ) をこえて大きいか，または高温で長時間にわたるときに，加えた力を除いても残る変形。前者の例として貨幣のような金属成形品，後者の例に茶しゃくなどの竹細工，プラスチック製品がある。加えた力を除いたときに固体の形がもとに戻る性質を弾性というのに対し，もとに戻らないで永久変形してしまう性質を塑性という。

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