When two expressions can be connected with an equal sign, the expression formed by connecting them with the equal sign is called an equation. When the left side of an equation can be moved to the right side using the rules of transforming equations, such as ( x + 1) 2 = x 2 + 2 x + 1, it is called an identity. When substituting a number for this x , in the usual case, the equation will hold no matter what number is substituted, hence the term identity. However, when considering finite fields, for example, if the only numbers are 0 and 1, then x 2 = x will always hold, but as a polynomial, both sides are different and so it is not an identity. Returning to the case of dealing with ordinary numbers, the equation x 2 -1 = 0 is not an identity because it is only an equality when there are specific x 's, namely x = 1 and x = -1. Such equations are called equations. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
2つの式が等号で結べるとき,それらを等号で結んでできた式を等式という。等式のうち,たとえば,(x+1)2=x2+2x+1 のように,式変形の法則によって左辺が右辺に移せるとき,恒等式という。この x に数を代入するとき,普通の場合は,どのような数値を代入しても成立することと同じだから,恒等式の語がある。ただし,有限体を考えるときは,たとえば数が0と1しかなければ x2=x は常に成立するが,これは多項式としては両辺が異なるので恒等式にならない。普通の数を扱う場合に戻って,等式 x2-1=0 では,特定の x ,すなわち x=1 および x=-1 の場合にしか等式にならないからこれは恒等式ではない。このような等式を方程式という。
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