Magnesium chloride - Magnesium chloride

Japanese: 塩化マグネシウム - えんかまぐねしうむ(英語表記)magnesium chloride
Magnesium chloride - Magnesium chloride

A compound of magnesium and chlorine. In addition to the anhydrous form, there are also di-, tetra-, hexa-, octa-, deca-, and dodeca-hydrates, but the hexahydrate (monoclinic system) is the most stable at room temperature. It is naturally produced in Stassfurt, Germany, as bischofite MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O, and in the form of a double salt, carnallite MgCl 2 ·KCl·6H 2 O. It is also found in seawater, and accounts for about 10 to 20% of bittern produced by the ion-exchange membrane salt manufacturing industry. In Japan, this is used as a raw material to produce hydrates. Anhydrous magnesium oxide can be obtained by reacting it directly with chlorine, but it is usually obtained by dehydrating the hydrate. In this case, if it is heated in air, the following reaction occurs in some parts, so it is not possible to obtain a pure product.


Therefore, various methods are used, such as heating in a hydrogen chloride stream or adding ammonium chloride to dehydrate it. The anhydrate is a colorless crystalline powder that is hygroscopic and soluble in water and alcohol. It is important as a raw material for manufacturing metallic magnesium and magnesia cement. The hexahydrate is a colorless crystal that is deliquescent and soluble in water and in ethanol (ethyl alcohol). The hydrate is used as a tofu coagulant, wood preservative, in the manufacture of parchment paper, and in the refining of wool.

[Torii Yasuo]

[Supplementary Material] | Magnesium chloride (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

マグネシウムと塩素の化合物。無水和物のほかに、二、四、六、八、十、12水和物などがあるが、常温では六水和物(単斜晶系)がもっとも安定である。天然にはビショファイトMgCl2・6H2Oとして、ドイツのシュタッスフルトに産出し、複塩の形でカーナリットMgCl2・KCl・6H2Oとして産出する。海水中にも含まれ、イオン交換膜法製塩工業から出るにがりの中に10から20%程度含まれる。日本ではこれを原料として水和物を製造している。無水和物は酸化マグネシウムを直接塩素と反応させても得られるが、通常は水和物の脱水によっている。この場合、空気中で加熱すれば、たとえば次のような反応が一部でおこるので純粋なものが得られない。


したがって、塩化水素気流中で加熱するとか、塩化アンモニウムを加えて脱水するとか、いろいろの方法がとられる。無水和物は無色の結晶性粉末で、吸湿性があり、水、アルコールに溶ける。金属マグネシウムやマグネシアセメントの製造原料として重要である。六水和物は無色の結晶で、潮解性で水によく溶け、エタノール(エチルアルコール)にも溶ける。水和物は豆腐の凝固剤、木材防腐、パーチメント紙の製造、羊毛の精製などに用いられる。

[鳥居泰男]

[補完資料] | 塩化マグネシウム(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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