Active element

Japanese: 能動素子 - のうどうそし(英語表記)active element
Active element
A circuit element that acts as an energy source for electrical signals, and typical examples are vacuum tubes and transistors. The essence of the operation of a vacuum tube or transistor can be expressed as follows. That is, when an appropriate DC voltage is applied to the element and an electrical signal (AC) is applied to one of the electrodes of the element, the DC current flowing through the element is controlled, and an amplified AC signal is extracted from the other electrode. If the element is viewed from the perspective of AC electrical signals alone, it can be said that the element emits energy, since an output signal that is energetically increased by the stimulation of a small input signal is obtained. In that sense, it is called an active element. From a broader perspective, the element does not generate energy, but converts DC energy into AC energy. If there is an amplification function, an oscillator can be made using a feedback circuit. Resistors, capacitors, coils, etc. are called passive elements because they do not amplify or oscillate when combined alone.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
電気信号などのエネルギー源として働く回路素子で,その代表的なものは真空管とトランジスタである。真空管またはトランジスタの動作の本質は次のように言い表わすことができる。すなわち,それらの素子に適当な直流電圧を加えておき,素子のいずれかの電極に電気信号 (交流) を加えると,それによって素子に流れる直流電流が制御され,他の電極から増幅された交流信号が取出される。もし交流電気信号のみの立場から素子をみるならば,小さな入力信号の刺激によってエネルギー的に増大された出力信号が得られるのであるから,その素子はエネルギーを放出しているといえる。その意味で能動素子と呼ばれる。広い立場からみれば,素子がエネルギーを発生しているのではなく,直流エネルギーを交流エネルギーに変換しているのである。増幅作用があれば,帰還回路を用いて発振器をつくることができる。抵抗器,コンデンサ,コイルなどは,それらだけを組合せても,増幅・発振作用をしないので受動素子と呼ぶ。

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