...The state of matter at this temperature and pressure (or, more broadly, the state near it) is the critical state, and the point at which the critical state occurs is called the critical point. The critical state itself is said to have been discovered in 1822 by Charles Cagniard de la Tour (1777-1859) of France, but its meaning was not made clear until the method of artificial pressurized liquefaction was established. The method of pressurized liquefaction was discovered by the efforts of M. Faraday and others in the early 19th century, and chlorine, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, cyanide gas, ammonia, and other substances were liquefied one after another. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Cagniard de la Tour, C." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…この温度,圧力における物質の状態(あるいは,より広い意味ではその付近の状態)が臨界状態であり,臨界状態が生ずる点を臨界点と呼ぶ。 臨界状態そのものは,1822年にフランスのカニャール・ド・ラ・トゥールCharles Cagniard de la Tour(1777‐1859)が発見したことになっているが,その意味が明らかになったのは,人工的な加圧液化の方法が確立された後である。加圧液化の方法は,19世紀の初めころ,M.ファラデーらの努力によって発見され,塩素,炭酸ガス,硫化水素,シアンガス,アンモニアなどが次々に液化された。… ※「Cagniard de la Tour,C.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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