Schmalkaldic League - Schmalkaldischer Bund

Japanese: シュマルカルデン同盟 - シュマルカルデンどうめい(英語表記)Schmalkaldischer Bund
Schmalkaldic League - Schmalkaldischer Bund
A defensive alliance of Protestant princes and imperial cities in Germany during the Reformation. After the Imperial Congress of Augsburg in 1530, the Protestant princes formed the alliance in February of the following year (1531) to protect Protestantism and confiscated church lands from the forces of the emperor. The leaders of the alliance were Philip of Hesse and Johann Friedrich, Elector of Saxony. In addition to the princes, the cities of Magdeburg and Bremen and a number of southern German cities also participated. The theoretical basis for the alliance was M. Luther's argument that the imperial princes had the right to use force if the emperor attacked them for religious reasons. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V had long adopted a policy of appeasement toward Protestants due to the war with France over Italy and the threat of the Ottoman Empire, but after he concluded a peace treaty with France and went on the offensive, defeating the Protestant princes at the Battle of Mühlberg in 1547, the alliance effectively collapsed.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
宗教改革時代のドイツにおけるプロテスタント諸侯,帝国都市の防御同盟。 1530年のアウクスブルク帝国会議ののち,プロテスタント諸侯が皇帝側の勢力からプロテスタントと没収教会領とを守るために翌 31年2月結成した同盟で,その中心となったのはフィリップ・フォン・ヘッセンとザクセン選帝侯ヨハン・フリードリヒである。諸侯のほか,マクデブルク,ブレーメン両市と若干の南ドイツ都市も参加した。皇帝が宗教上の理由から攻撃を加えてきた場合,帝国等族には武力で対抗する権利があるという M.ルターの主張を理論的基盤とする。神聖ローマ皇帝カルル5世は,イタリアをめぐるフランスとの戦争やオスマン帝国の脅威のため,長らくプロテスタントに対し宥和策をとったが,フランスとの間に和約を結んで攻勢に転じ,47年ミュールベルクの戦いでプロテスタント諸侯を敗北させてからは,同盟は事実上瓦解した。

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