…In mammals, claws are specialized according to function, and three types can be distinguished: hooked claws, flat claws, and hooves. The claw is the most common type of claw, with a basic structure similar to that of birds and reptiles, and is found in monotremes, marsupials, insectivores, chiropterans, rodents, odontoptera, squamata, lagomorphs, and carnivores. The claw consists of a nail plate (nail wall) that occupies the upper surface of the exposed part (nail body), bent at the midline, and V-shaped in cross section, and a nail bed (nail base, nail pad) that lies below and connects the left and right nail plates. These form a tube that encases the terminal part of the phalanges. … From [Thorn]…[Iwatsuki Kunio] (2) Animal spines Hard appendages made of chitin, keratin, and calcareous matter can form on the surface of animals' bodies, and appendages can also form on shells, bone fragments, and bones. Such appendages with sharp tips are generally called spines. Similar appendages can also be called hooks or claws depending on their shape, function, and location. In amphibian and sea urchin species, spines made from the cuticle cover the surface of the body and are used for movement and defense. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "claw" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…哺乳類では,機能に応じて特殊化していて,かぎづめ(鉤爪),ひらづめ(扁爪),ひづめ(蹄)の3種類が区別できる。かぎづめclawは鳥類,爬虫類のつめと同様の基本構造をもつ最も普通に見られるつめで,単孔類,有袋類,食虫類,翼手類,齧歯(げつし)類,貧歯類,有鱗類,ウサギ類,食肉類などがこれをもつ。かぎづめは,露出した部分(爪体(そうたい))の上面を占め,正中線で折れ曲がって,横断面がV字形を呈する爪板(そうばん)(爪壁)と,その下側にあって左右の爪板をつなぐ爪床(そうしよう)(爪底,爪蹠(そうしよ))よりなり,これらが筒を形成して指骨の端節部を包む。… 【とげ(棘)】より…【岩槻 邦男】(2)動物のとげspine 動物の体表などにはキチン質,角質,石灰質などでできた硬い付属突起がつくられることがあり,また殻,骨片,骨などにも付属突起が形成されることがあり,このような付属突起で先が鋭くとがっているものは一般にとげといわれる。同じような付属突起でも,形,役目,部位によっては,とくに鉤(かぎ)hook,かぎづめclawなどと呼ばれるものもある。キョクヒチュウ類,ウニ類などでは,表皮からつくられたとげが体表をおおっており,移動や防御に用いられる。… ※「claw」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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