Austrian theoretical physicist. Born in Vienna. He studied theoretical physics at the University of Vienna, where he received his doctorate in 1904 under the supervision of Boltzmann. In 1912, he became professor of theoretical physics at Leiden University, succeeding H. A. Lorentz. In September 1933, he committed suicide due to the hardships his Jewish colleagues faced under the Nazis and his own personal problems. In 1911, he elucidated the logical structure of statistical mechanics and clarified the significance of the ergodic hypothesis in his paper "Conceptual Foundations of Statistical Mechanics" in the Encyclopedia of Mathematical Sciences . Around 1913, he attempted to extend the concept of quantization to general systems other than harmonic oscillators, and proposed the adiabatic hypothesis (although the name adiabatic hypothesis was given by A. Einstein in 1914). In 1921, in the process of investigating the relationship between quantum theory and classical theory, he proved the Ehrenfest theorem. [Shigeru Sugiyama] [References] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
オーストリアの理論物理学者。ウィーンに生まれる。ウィーン大学で理論物理学を学び、ボルツマンの指導の下に1904年学位を得た。1912年H・A・ローレンツの後継者としてライデン大学の理論物理学教授となった。1933年9月、ナチスの支配下でユダヤ人の同僚が苦境に陥ったことや、彼自身が個人的問題に直面したことが原因で自殺した。1911年、『数理科学百科全書』Encyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaftenに寄せた論文「統計力学の概念的基礎」で、統計力学の論理的構造を解明し、エルゴード仮説の意義をも明らかにした。1913年ごろから、量子化の概念を調和振動子以外の一般的な系に拡張することを試み、断熱仮説を提唱した(ただし、断熱仮説という名称は1914年にA・アインシュタインが与えたものである)。さらに1921年には、量子論と古典論との関係を考究する過程で、エーレンフェストの定理を証明した。 [杉山滋郎] [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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