Erenburg - Erenburg (English notation) Il'ya Grigor'evich Erenburg / Il'ya Grigor'evich Erenburg

A Russian Soviet poet and writer. Born in a Jewish family in Kiev, he grew up in Moscow. At the age of 15, he joined the Bolshevik underground movement, was arrested at 17, and fled to Paris at 18. He formed friendships with bohemian artists who gathered at the Café Rotonde in Montparnasse, and published his first collection of poems, Psalms (1910). He hurried back to Russia upon hearing of the revolution in his homeland, but was soon caught up in the whirlpool of the civil war, and finally returned to Moscow in 1920. Half-disillusioned by the reality of the Russian Revolution, he went to Paris again the following year as a newspaper correspondent. However, he was soon exiled, and wrote his first full-length novel, The Strange Wanderings of Julio Frenite (1922), in Belgium. It is a satirical work that exposes the capitalist world, and is characterized by the cynical style unique to Ehrenburg's early period, but the author seems to have had a secret affection for it until his later years. He continued to publish works such as Trust DE, the Fall of Europe (1922) and Thirteen Pipes (1923) in Berlin, and established himself as a writer. However, he seems to have lacked awareness of himself as a writer in Socialist Russia until he wrote The Second Day and Without Breath (both 1934). In 1936, during the Spanish Civil War, he flew from Paris to Madrid without the permission of the former Soviet authorities and joined the Popular Front. The details of this period are detailed in The Fall of Paris (1942) and his memoirs. During World War II, he was an anti-fascist fighter and wrote prolifically for newspapers. The collection of essays War (1944) was the result of this. After the war, he published novels set in international politics, such as The Tempest (1947) and The Ninth Wave (1951). He also played a role as a spokesman for the former Soviet government to Western Europe. After Stalin's death, he published a novella, "The Thaw" (1954), which was one of the first to convey the breath of freedom in the society of the former Soviet Union. In his later years, he wrote a memoir, "Man, Years, Life" (1960-65), which filled a gap in the spiritual history of Soviet intellectuals and became a valuable testimony of the 20th century.

[Hiroshi Kimura]

"The Wanderings of Julio Frenito" translated by Seiichiro Kudo (1969, Shueisha)" ▽ "The Fall of Paris" translated by Seiichiro Kudo, 3 volumes (Shincho Bunko)" ▽ "My Recollections: Man, Years, and Life" translated by Hiroshi Kimura, 6 volumes (1961-66, Asahi Shimbun)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ロシア・ソビエトの詩人、作家。キエフのユダヤ人の家庭に生まれモスクワで成長した。15歳でボリシェビキの地下運動に参加、17歳で逮捕され、18歳でパリへ亡命。モンパルナスのカフェ「ロトンド」に集まるボヘミアン芸術家と親交を結び、処女詩集『詩篇(しへん)』（1910）を刊行。祖国の革命の報に接し急ぎ帰国したが、たちまち国内戦の渦に巻き込まれ、ようやく1920年にモスクワへ戻った。ロシア革命の現実になかば幻滅し、翌21年、ふたたび新聞の特派員としてパリへ赴く。しかし、まもなく追放され、ベルギーで処女長編『フリオ・フレニトの奇妙な遍歴』（1922）を書く。資本主義世界を風刺的手法で暴き、初期エレンブルグ独特のシニカルな筆致が目だつ作品だが、晩年に至るまで作者はひそかな愛着を覚えていたようだ。その後もベルリンで『トラストDE、ヨーロッパ滅亡史』（1922）、『13本のパイプ』（1923）などを発表、作家としての地位を確立した。しかし、『第二の日』『息もつかずに』（ともに1934）を書くまでは社会主義ロシアの作家としての自覚に欠けていたようにみえる。36年、スペイン内戦に際し、旧ソ連当局の許可も得ずにパリからマドリードへ飛び、人民戦線に投じた。この間の事情は『パリ陥落』（1942）および回想録に詳しい。第二次世界大戦中は反ファシストの闘士として新聞紙上に健筆を振るった。評論集『戦争』（1944）はその成果である。戦後は『あらし』（1947）、『第九の波』（1951）など国際政治を舞台にした長編を発表。旧ソ連政府の西欧へのスポークスマン的な役割をも果たした。スターリン死後、中編『雪どけ』（1954）を発表、旧ソ連社会の自由への息吹をいち早く伝えた。晩年は回想録『人間・歳月・生活』（1960～65）を書き、旧ソ連知識人の精神史の空白を埋め、20世紀の貴重な証言となった。

［木村　浩］

『工藤精一郎訳『フリオ・フレニトの遍歴』（1969・集英社）』▽『工藤精一郎訳『パリ陥落』全3巻（新潮文庫）』▽『木村浩訳『わが回想　人間・歳月・生活』全6巻（1961～66・朝日新聞社）』

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