Elegy. From the Greek word elegeia (lament), it is a poem that laments the death of a loved one and, by extension, the transience of this world. Formally, each unit is two lines of hexameter and pentameter, and in content, it is a poem that expresses the author's views on life and death, such as the meaning of life and the resolve to die, triggered by the death of a loved one. The style of lament from ancient Asia Minor was introduced to Greece, where it was passed down to Roman poets such as Catullus and Ovid, and was eventually followed and developed by poets in Germany and England. Poems following the Greek form of elegy include political poems, dedications, moral poems, and epigrams, and were frequently used in classical times. In modern times, however, emphasis was placed on content rather than form, and the term came to refer to poems that express heartfelt feelings of grief over the death or misfortune of a close friend. Representative works include Milton's "Lycidas," in which he mourned the drowning of his friend Edward King, as well as Goethe's "Roman Elegy," Schiller's "A Walk in the Woods," Lamartine's "The Lake," Thomas Gray's "Cemetery Lament," Shelley's "Adonais," in which she sings of the death of her friend Keats, and Tennyson's "In Memoriam." However, the greatest elegy of the 20th century is Rilke's "Duino Elegy," which goes beyond traditional personal feelings to address the condition of humans being crushed by various forms of power, and has had a tremendous influence on modern poetry. [Hideo Funato] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
悲歌、挽歌(ばんか)。ギリシア語のエレゲイアelegeia(哀悼歌(あいとうか))に由来し、親しい人の死、ひいてはこの世のはかなさを悲しみ嘆く詩。形式的には六歩格(ヘクサメトロス)に五歩格(ペンタメトロス)をつけた2行を1単位にし、内容的には哀悼、哲学的論考、死者の慰めからなり、人生の意味、死の覚悟など親愛なる人間の死を契機として作者の死生観を吐露する詩である。古代小アジアの哀悼歌の様式がギリシアに伝わったものであり、ローマの詩人カトゥルスやオウィディウスらに受け継がれ、やがてドイツやイギリスの詩人たちによって踏襲され、発展した。ギリシアのエレゲイアの形式に従う詩は、政治詩、献辞、教訓詩、エピグラムなどの内容をもっており、古典時代に頻用されたが、近代に至っては詩型よりも内容が重視され、とりわけ身近な人たちの死や不幸について、悲哀の心情をせつせつと吐露する詩のことをさすようになった。代表的作品には、ミルトンが溺死(できし)した友人エドワード・キングを哀悼した『リシダス』をはじめとして、ゲーテの『ローマ哀歌』、シラーの『逍遙(しょうよう)』、ラマルチーヌの『湖(みずうみ)』、トマス・グレーの『墓地の哀歌』、シェリーが友人キーツの死を歌った『アドネイス』、テニソンの『イン・メモリアム』などがあるが、20世紀最大の悲歌はリルケの『ドゥイノの悲歌』であり、在来の個人的感懐を脱して、種々の権力に圧殺されつつある人間の状況を訴えたもので、現代詩に多大な影響を与えた。 [船戸英夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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