Calanthe - Calanthe

Japanese: エビネ - えびね
Calanthe - Calanthe

An evergreen perennial plant of the orchid family (APG classification: Orchidaceae). The underground pseudobulbs are thick and connected. The name comes from their shape, which resembles a shrimp. Two or three leaves grow at the end of the new stem. In May, flower stalks emerge from between the leaves and produce many flowers. The flowers open flat, are brownish or pale green, about 2 cm in diameter, have a white lip petal with three lobes, and the central lobe is further divided into two lobes. They have a spur 5 to 10 mm long. They grow in the forests of low mountains throughout Japan, and are distributed in Korea and China. Recently, they have been cultivated more for decorative purposes. In Chinese medicine, the pseudobulbs are boiled and taken for detoxification and tonsillitis.

There are about 100 species in this genus, distributed from tropical to temperate regions, and 15 species grow naturally in Japan. C. sieboldii Dcne. has large yellow flowers. The tips of the middle lobes of the lip are usually pointed. It is distributed in southwestern Japan west of Wakayama Prefecture and in China. C. aristulifera Reichb.f. has white to pale pink flowers that do not open much. The lip is three-lobed slightly forward and the tips of the middle lobes are pointed. The spur is slender and 15 to 18 mm long. It is distributed mainly in southwestern Japan. C. izu-insularis Ohwi et Satomi is similar to C. kirishimaensis, but the flowers open flat and the leaves are thick and glossy. It grows on the Izu Seven Islands. Several natural hybrids between the above species have been reported. The Takaneebine is a natural hybrid between Calanthe nigricans and Calanthe kiebine, while the Kozuebine is a natural hybrid between Calanthe nigricans and Calanthe sargentea. Other species that grow wild include Calanthe sarumenensis, Calanthe natsuensis, and Crane orchid.

[Ken Inoue May 21, 2019]

Calanthe
This terrestrial orchid has 2-3 leaves growing from the base and produces many brown or pale green flowers in May. The white lip petal is divided into three lobes, and the middle lobe is further divided into two lobes. ©Shogakukan Photo by Masatoshi Hirose ">

Calanthe

Cockleberry
A species of Calanthe native to Japan. The flowers are large and yellow, with the tip of the central lobe of the lip petal pointed. ©Seishohmaru ">

Cockleberry


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ラン科(APG分類:ラン科)の常緑多年草。地下の偽球茎は太く連なる。名はその形をエビに見立てたものである。新茎の先に葉を2、3枚つける。5月に葉間から花茎を出し、多数の花をつける。花は平開し、茶褐色ないし淡緑色、径約2センチメートル、唇弁は白色で3裂し、中裂片はさらに2裂する。長さ5~10ミリメートルの距(きょ)がある。日本全土の低山の林下に生育し、朝鮮、中国に分布する。最近、観賞用に栽培されることが多くなった。また、漢方では解毒、扁桃(へんとう)炎などに偽球茎を煎じて服用する。

 この属は、約100種が熱帯から温帯に分布し、日本には15種が自生する。キエビネC. sieboldii Dcne.は花が黄色で大きい。唇弁の中裂片の先は通常とがる。和歌山県以西の西南日本および中国に分布する。キリシマエビネC. aristulifera Reichb.f.は、花が白から淡紅色であまり開かない。唇弁はやや前方で3裂し、中裂片の先端はとがる。距は細長く、15~18ミリメートル。おもに西南日本に分布する。ニオイエビネC. izu-insularis Ohwi et Satomiは、キリシマエビネに似るが、花が平開し、葉が厚く光沢がある。伊豆七島に生育する。上記の種間の自然交雑種がいくつか報告されている。タカネエビネはエビネとキエビネ、コウズエビネはエビネとニオイエビネの自然交雑種である。このほかに、サルメンエビネ、ナツエビネ、ツルランなどが自生する。

[井上 健 2019年5月21日]

エビネ
地生ランで、根元から2~3枚の葉をつけ、5月、茶褐色ないし淡緑色の花を多数つける。唇弁は白色で3裂し、中裂片はさらに2裂する©Shogakukan 撮影/広瀬雅敏">

エビネ

キエビネ
日本に自生するエビネ属の1種。花が黄色で大きく、唇弁の中裂片の先がとがる©Seishohmaru">

キエビネ


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