Jerusalem

Japanese: エルサレム

A city that straddles the West Bank of Israel and Palestine. In Arabic, it is called Quds (Holy City). It is located 25 km west of the Dead Sea, on a rocky hill at an altitude of 790 m. It was divided into East and West in the First Arab-Israeli War, and in 1949 the Old City (East Jerusalem) was Jordanian territory, while the New City (West Jerusalem) was Israeli territory. In 1967, the Old City was annexed by Israel. In the Old City, there is the Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock, where Muhammad is said to have ascended to heaven, on the site of the Temple of Jerusalem. The Western Wall and the Road of Suffering, where Jesus Christ walked while carrying his cross, remain (the Old City was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1981 on the recommendation of Jordan). In contrast to the Old City, the New City is a modern city, and is the political and cultural center of Israel. It is home to the Hebrew University, the YMCA, and the Archaeological Museum. It was under Egyptian influence around 1400 BCE, but since the reigns of David and Solomon it has been the religious and political centre of the Jews. It is closely related to the life of Jesus and is a holy place for Christians, but the Muslims who occupied it in the 7th century made it their holiest place after Mecca and Medina, and it later became a target for the Crusaders to recapture it. In the 20th century, many Jews emigrated to Jerusalem due to the Zionist movement, and it became a focal point of the Palestinian problem. In 1980, Israel adopted the Basic Law on Jerusalem, declaring it its permanent capital, but this is not recognised by the international community. 804,400 people (as of 2011, including East Jerusalem).
→ Related topics Al-Aqsa Mosque | Zion | Pilgrimage | Holy Land | Holy Land Issue | David | Kingdom of Judah

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

イスラエルとパレスティナの〈ヨルダン川西岸地区〉にまたがる都市。アラビア語ではクドス（聖都）。死海西方25km，標高790mの岩石丘陵上にある。第１次中東戦争で東西に分断され，1949年旧市街（東エルサレム）はヨルダン領，新市街（西エルサレム）はイスラエル領とされたが，1967年第３次中東戦争で旧市街もイスラエルに併合された。旧市街にはエルサレム神殿のあった所にアクサー・モスクとムハンマドが昇天したといわれる〈岩のドーム〉があり，嘆きの壁や，イエス・キリストが十字架を背負って通った苦難の道が残る（旧市街はヨルダンの推薦により1981年世界文化遺産に登録）。新市街は旧市街と対照的な近代都市で，イスラエルの政治・文化の中心。ヘブライ大学，YMCA，考古博物館がある。前1400年ころエジプトの勢力下にあったが，ダビデ，ソロモンの治世以来，ユダヤ人の宗教的・政治的中心となった。イエスの生涯にも関係が深く，キリスト教の聖地でもあるが，７世紀にこの地を占領したイスラム教徒は，ここをメッカ，メディナに次ぐ聖地とし，後に十字軍の奪還目標となった。20世紀に入るとシオニズム運動によって多くのユダヤ人が移住，パレスティナ問題の焦点となった。1980年イスラエルは〈エルサレム基本法〉を採択して永久の首都と宣言したが，国際社会はこれを認めていない。80万4400人（2011年。東エルサレムを含む）。
→関連項目アクサー・モスク｜シオン｜巡礼｜聖地｜聖地問題｜ダビデ｜ユダ王国

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