Heerschild

Japanese: ヘールシルト(英語表記)Heerschild
Heerschild
A concept in the feudal system or the Heershilt in medieval Germany. Literally meaning "military shield," in historical documents from the 12th century and earlier, it meant the right to demand military service from vassals. However, as the imperial state system developed in the 12th century and required overall order, this concept became a keyword in the Heershilt, expressing the ability of the heershilt to give and receive and the hierarchical structure of the Heershilt. The initial simple three-tier structure (king - vassals directly under the king - lower vassals) differentiated into six or seven Heershilts in the 13th century law books.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
中世ドイツにおけるレーン制(封建制度)ないしレーン法上の概念。文字どおりには〈兵の章盾〉であり,12世紀以前の史料では封臣から軍役を要求する権利そのものを意味していたが,12世紀に帝国国制のレーン制的編成が進展し,その全体的整序が要請されるとともに,この概念はレーンの授受能力ならびにレーン制的階層構成を表すレーン法上の一つのキーワードになった。 当初の単純な3階層構成(国王―国王直属封臣―下位封臣)は,13世紀の法書段階になると,六ないし七つのヘールシルトに分化する。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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