The police force is responsible for preventing traffic accidents and ensuring safety and smooth operation of roads for the general public. It is divided into land traffic police, maritime police, and aviation police, but the term generally refers to the road traffic police in particular. (1) The Land Traffic Police is the police force responsible for traffic on roads, and is responsible for regulating road traffic and land transportation. The Road Traffic Police is based on the Road Traffic Act (Act No. 105 of 1960), and its purpose is to ensure the safety and smooth flow of road traffic and prevent traffic accidents. Its activities include traffic safety education, management of driver's licenses for automobiles, development of traffic safety facilities, traffic regulations, enforcement of violations of the Road Traffic Act, and handling of traffic accidents. After the Second World War, the number of cars and drivers increased, and the number of traffic accidents also increased. In 1970, the number of traffic accident fatalities reached an all-time high of 16,765 (died within 24 hours of injury) and the number of traffic accident injuries reached 981,096, which became a major social problem, as symbolized by the term "traffic war." As a result, the Basic Law for Traffic Safety Measures (Law No. 110 of 1970) was enacted, and full-scale traffic safety measures were implemented. Thanks to comprehensive measures such as the development of traffic safety facilities such as traffic signals, road signs, and markings, effective guidance and enforcement activities for violations of the Road Traffic Act, enhancement of driver education through courses at the time of license renewal, and raising public awareness of traffic safety through spring and autumn traffic safety campaigns, the number of traffic accident fatalities in 1984 was 9,262, almost half of the 1970 level. Traffic guidance and enforcement is carried out by police officers belonging to the traffic division, field duty division, and traffic mobile unit of prefectural police, but traffic patrolmen, who appeared in 1971, also carry out enforcement activities for parking and stopping violations. Enforcement of land transportation is regulated by business laws such as the Road Transportation Law (Law No. 183 of 1951) and the Road Transportation Vehicle Law (Law No. 185 of 1951). (2) There are two types of maritime police: water police and navigation police. Water police are the police that deal with domestic waterways, i.e. lakes, rivers, and harbors, and are responsible for laws such as the Port Regulations Law (Law No. 174, 1948) and the Navigational Aids Law (Law No. 99, 1949). Navigation police are the police that deal with maritime traffic, sailors, and ships, and are responsible for laws such as the Ship Law (Law No. 46, 1899), the Mariners Law (Law No. 100, 1947), and the Law for Prevention of Collisions at Sea (Law No. 62, 1977). (3) The Aviation Police are the police concerned with aviation, aircraft, crew, airports, etc., and are governed by laws such as the Aviation Act (Act No. 231 of 1952) and the Aircraft Registration Order (Cabinet Order No. 296 of 1953). [Yasunori Orita and Hideyoshi Sato] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一般公衆の交通による危険を防止し、その安全と円滑を図ることを目的とした警察作用。陸上交通警察、海上警察、航空警察に分けられるが、一般には陸上交通警察のなかでもとくに道路交通警察をさしていう場合が多い。 (1)陸上交通警察とは、道路上の交通に関する警察であり、道路交通の取締りと陸上運送の取締りがある。道路交通警察については道路交通法(昭和35年法律105号)が基本となっており、道路交通の安全と円滑を図り、交通事故を防止することを目的としている。その活動の内容は、交通安全教育、自動車などの運転免許の管理、交通安全施設の整備、交通規制、道路交通法違反の取締り、交通事故処理などである。 第二次世界大戦後、自動車保有台数、運転免許保有者数の増加に伴い、交通事故も増加の一途をたどり、1970年(昭和45)には交通事故死者数1万6765人(受傷24時間以内死亡)、交通事故負傷者数98万1096人と史上最高を記録し、「交通戦争」ということばに象徴されるように大きな社会問題となった。そのため交通安全対策基本法(昭和45年法律110号)が制定され、交通安全対策が本格的に講じられるようになった。交通信号機・道路標識・標示などの交通安全施設の整備、効果的な道路交通法違反などの指導取締り活動、免許証の更新時講習などによる運転者教育の充実、春・秋の交通安全運動などによる国民の交通安全意識の高揚などの総合的な対策によって、84年の交通事故死者数は9262人と、70年に比べほぼ半減した。交通指導取締りには、都道府県警察の交通課、外勤課、交通機動隊などに所属する警察官が従事しているが、駐・停車違反については、71年に登場した交通巡視員も取締り活動を行っている。陸上運送の取締りについては、道路運送法(昭和26年法律183号)、道路運送車両法(昭和26年法律185号)などの事業法のなかに、それぞれ取締規定がある。 (2)海上警察には、水上警察と航海警察がある。水上警察とは、国内水路すなわち湖沼、河川および港湾に関する警察であり、港則法(昭和23年法律174号)、航路標識法(昭和24年法律99号)などの法律がある。航海警察とは、海上交通、船員、船舶に関する警察であり、船舶法(明治32年法律46号)、船員法(昭和22年法律100号)、海上衝突予防法(昭和52年法律62号)などの法律がある。 (3)航空警察とは、航空、航空機、乗員、飛行場などに関する警察であり、航空法(昭和27年法律231号)、航空機登録令(昭和28年政令296号)などの法令がある。 [折田康徳・佐藤英善] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Traffic check - Kotsukenmon
>>: Transportation economics - economics of transportation
…(7) Southwest England Highlands The plateau is m...
…However, the transition was so rapid that the fu...
...There are various theories about its birthplac...
What kind of injury? The shoulder joint is a smal...
...In the later Umayyad Dynasty, it was divided i...
…At the same time, secondary syphilis rashes of v...
A general term for animals in the Allactaga genus...
...Their balanced art made a great contribution t...
…A general term for fishes belonging to the Elasm...
Russian Tsar (reigned 1682-1725). Son of Alexei Mi...
Please see the Dizygoteka page. Source: Encyclopa...
…the state founded by Othon de la Roche, a Burgun...
An American reform movement that took place from t...
...The most well-known examples are the Parisien,...
... In the interwar period, the seeds of national...