Carol

Japanese: carol
Carol

...However, there were works such as the polyphonic Mass composed by the French poet and musician Machaut (a polyphonic composition of the ordinary text of the Mass for all voices), and religious songs with vernacular lyrics, such as the lauda (Italian) and carol (English), also began to flourish. The 15th and 16th centuries were a time when works of choral polyphony, such as the mass and motet, reached unparalleled artistic heights with the perfection of classical counterpoint composition techniques in the Renaissance.

From [Christmas]

… [Yoko Miyoshi]
[music]
Christmas, as a Christian holy day, is the richest musical occasion in the entire church year. Folk Christmas music has long been known as carols (the British and American names for them: noël in France, Weihnachtslied in Germany).

From "A Christmas Carol"

…A general term for religious folk songs sung during the Christmas season. However, carols are the English term, and in France they are called noël, in Germany they are called Weihnachtslied, and in Spain they are called villancico. In all countries, the songs tend to be familiar and cheerful. The lyrics are generally simple yet fresh, and the joy people feel for Christmas is sung frankly with clever rhetoric. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Carol" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…しかし,フランスの詩人・音楽家マショーによるポリフォニックな通作ミサ曲(ミサ通常文を一貫して多声部の楽曲に作出したもの。ミサ曲)をはじめとする諸作品があり,また俗語を歌詞とする宗教的な歌曲ラウダlauda(イタリア)やキャロルcarol(イギリス)なども隆盛に向かった。 15~16世紀は,ルネサンスの古典対位法の作曲技法の完成によって,ミサ曲やモテットなどの合唱ポリフォニーの作品が,比類のない芸術的な高みに達した時代である。…

【クリスマス】より

…【三好 洋子】
[音楽]
 キリスト教の聖節としてのクリスマスは,一年間の教会暦を通じて,もっとも豊かな音楽に装われる。民衆的なクリスマスの音楽は,古くからキャロルcarol(英・米の呼び方。フランスではノエルnoël,ドイツではクリスマスのリートWeihnachtsliedと呼ぶ)として親まれている。…

【クリスマス・キャロル】より

…クリスマスの時期に歌われる宗教的な民謡を総称する。ただし,キャロルは英語の呼び方で,フランスではノエルnoël,ドイツではクリスマスのリートWeihnachtslied,スペインではビリャンシーコvillancicoと呼ばれる。どの国の場合も,親しみやすく明るい調子の曲が多い。歌詞のイメージは一般に素朴ながら新鮮で,民衆のクリスマスに寄せる喜びが,たくまぬ修辞で率直に歌い上げられているのが特徴である。…

※「carol」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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