Fantasy (English spelling) fantasy

Japanese: 空想 - くうそう(英語表記)fantasy
Fantasy (English spelling) fantasy

Daydreaming is the act of imagining a fictional world that is not real, but it has two different aspects. One is completely unrealistic and close to what is called "illusion," while the other is more realistic and close to what is called "imagination." When daydreaming is taken up in the sense of fantasy, it is thought of as fulfilling desires that cannot be fulfilled in reality through fantasy activity. In this sense, fantasy and desire are closely related. In the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), a type of projective psychological test, a stimulus image depicting a certain situation is presented and a subject is asked to create a fantasy story. This is an attempt to conduct a psychological test by taking advantage of the fact that desires often appear in fantasy. In daytime fantasies called daydreams and nighttime dreams, desires are fulfilled in a fantastical or hallucinatory way. Therefore, dreams are said to fulfill desires.

In contrast, in fantasies that are called imagination, it is emphasized that the fantasies themselves have a creative power, and they are distinguished from simple replays or recognitions of past experiences. Also, when you can only think in a way that is bound to reality, and you say that you can't come up with good ideas because you have no imagination, imagination also means creativity, and it is not an escape from reality into fantasy, but an attempt to grasp reality through fantasy. Fantasy and imagination are the two extremes of fantasy, and fantasy contains these two characteristics. Therefore, from the perspective of psychotherapy, fantasy appears as a symptom, but at the same time, it can be said that it is an attempt to heal by creating symptoms. Methodologically speaking, psychoanalysis can be said to be the study of fantasy.

[Daisaku Tonobayashi and Masamichi Kawabata]

"The Poet and Daydreaming" by Freud, translated by Yoshitaka Takahashi (included in "The Collected Works of Freud 3", 1969, Jinbun Shoin)""Imagination and Reality" by Charles Rycroft, translated by Joji Kandabashi and Hajime Ishikawa (1979, Iwasaki Academic Press)""The Origins of the Phantasm" by Jean Laplanche and J.B. Pontalis, translated by Osamu Fukumoto (1996, Hosei University Press)""Belief and Imagination: A Psychoanalytic Exploration of the Mind" by Ronald Britton, supervised by Kunihiro Matsuki and translated by Yasuhiko Koga (2002, Kongo Shuppan)"

[Reference items] | Wishes | Imagination | Dreams

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

現実ではない虚構の世界をあれこれ思いめぐらすことであるが、空想には二つの異なる側面がある。その一つはまったく非現実的で「幻想」illusionとよばれるものに近く、他の側面はより現実的で「想像」imaginationとよばれるものに近い。幻想の意味で空想が取り上げられるときには、現実に満たすことのできない願望を空想活動によって満たすものと考えられる。この意味では、空想と願望は密接な関係をもっている。投影法的な心理検査法の一種である主題統覚検査(TAT:Thematic Apperception Test)では、ある状況を描いた刺激図版を提示して空想的物語をつくらせるが、これは空想のなかに願望がよく現れることを利用して、心理的検査を行おうとするものである。昼間に抱く白昼夢とよばれる幻想においても、夜の夢においても、願望は幻想的ないしは幻覚的に充足されている。だから、夢は願望を充足するものといわれる。

 これに対して、想像とよばれる空想では、空想そのものが構想力をもつことが強調され、過去経験の単純な再生や再認とは区別される。また、現実に縛られた考えしかできず、想像力がないからいい考えが浮かんでこないというときには、想像力は創造力をも意味しており、現実から空想に逃避するのでなく、空想によって現実を把握しようとする働きがある。幻想と想像は空想の両極端をなすものであり、空想のなかにはこの二つの特徴が含まれている。だから心理治療の観点からいえば、空想は症状として現れるものであると同時に、症状をつくりだすことによって治癒しようとする試みであるということができる。精神分析は、方法論的にいえば空想の研究であるということができる。

[外林大作・川幡政道]

『フロイト著、高橋義孝訳「詩人と空想すること」(『フロイト著作集3』所収・1969・人文書院)』『チャールズ・ライクロフト著、神田橋条治・石川元訳『想像と現実』(1979・岩崎学術出版社)』『ジャン・ラプランシュ、J・B・ポンタリス著、福本修訳『幻想の起源』(1996・法政大学出版局)』『ロナルド・ブリトン著、松木邦裕監訳、古賀靖彦訳『信念と想像 精神分析のこころの探求』(2002・金剛出版)』

[参照項目] | 願望 | 想像 |

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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