French metallurgist. Born in Harcourt, he entered the Paris School of Mines in 1882, where he researched electrochemical methods of producing metals. In 1886, he obtained a patent for the direct electrolysis method (Héroult process), in which aluminum oxide in molten cryolite is electrolyzed to produce aluminum. The following year, in 1887, he supervised the construction of a 5 volt, 4,000 ampere Héroult electrolytic furnace. With the advancement of electricity technology as a backdrop, the electrolytic process rapidly spread as a much more economical method than the conventional sodium reduction method. Héroult carried out various metal production tests in the electrolytic furnace, and in 1900 he succeeded in making steel from scrap iron, for which he was awarded an honorary doctorate in engineering from the Aachen Technical University in 1902. [Tomoko Takahashi] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの冶金学者(やきんがくしゃ)。アルクールに生まれ、1882年パリの鉱業大学に入学、金属の電気化学的製法の研究を行った。1886年溶融氷晶石中の酸化アルミニウムを電気分解してアルミニウムを製造する直接電解法(エルー法)の特許を得た。翌1887年には5ボルト、4000アンペアのエルー式電解炉の建設を指導した。電解法は、電力技術の進歩を背景に、従来のナトリウム還元法より格段に経済的な方法として急速な普及をみせた。エルーは電解炉でさまざまな金属製造の試験を行い、1900年にはくず鉄を利用して鋼鉄をつくることに成功、1902年アーヘン工業大学より名誉工学博士号を贈られた。 [高橋智子] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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