The capital of the state of Tyrol in western Austria. The name means "bridge over the Inn". Located at the crossing point of the Inn River, it has been a key location on the north-south route (crossing the Brenner) between Italy and Germany since Roman times, and is also the intersection of the east-west route between Switzerland and Vienna. It obtained city rights in 1239, became part of the Habsburgs in 1363, and developed as the capital of Tyrol under their rule from 1420 to 1806. A university was established in 1677. Although the city's industries include textiles and glass, it is surrounded by scenic mountains (574m) and is a tourist and cultural city, making it a base for summer resorts, mountain climbing, and winter skiing. The city center retains the landscape of a medieval city with rows of Gothic-style houses, and is surrounded by Baroque-style streets, with the busy Maria Theresienstrasse street. There are many things to see in the city, including the Habsburg residence Fürstenburg (c. 1500), known for its "Golden Roof" in the old town, the Franciscan Cathedral (1553-63), the Tyrolean Folk Art Museum, and the State Museum. In the north, mountains such as Hafeleker (2,334m) and Solstein (2,641m) tower, offering magnificent views. In the southern suburbs are the Schanze, the site of the 1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics. Population: 116,881 (2006). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
オーストリア西部,チロル州の州都。地名は「イン川の橋」の意。イン川の渡河点に位置し,ローマ時代からイタリア,ドイツ間のアルプス越えの南北交通路 (ブレンナー越え) の要地で,スイス-ウィーン間の東西交通路との交点にあたる。1239年都市権を獲得,1363年ハプスブルク家領となり,1420~1806年同家領チロルの首都として発展。1677年には大学も設置された。産業は織物,ガラスなどの工業もあるが,周囲を高山に囲まれた景勝の地 (574m) で,観光・文化都市としての性格が強く,夏の避暑,登山,冬のスキーなどの基地。市街の中心部はゴシック様式の家が並ぶ中世都市の景観をとどめ,その周囲にはバロック様式の町並みが広がり,繁華街マリアテレジア通りがある。旧市街の「黄金の小屋根」で知られるハプスブルク家の居館フュルステンブルク (1500頃) ,フランシスコ修道会聖堂 (1553~63) ,チロル民俗芸術博物館,州立博物館などみるべきものが多い。北部にはハーフェレカー (2334m) ,ゾルシュタイン (2641m) などがそびえ,壮大な展望が得られる。南郊には 1964年と 1976年の冬季オリンピックのシャンツェがある。人口 11万6881 (2006) 。
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