Milk mushroom - Milk mushroom

Japanese: チチタケ - ちちたけ

An edible mushroom of the Basidiomycete family, Russulaceae, order Matsutake. The cap is 5-10 cm in diameter and initially rounded, but eventually opens up to become a shallow funnel. The surface is yellowish brown and not sticky. The gills are white with a pale yellow tinge. The stem is cylindrical and yellowish brown. It is hard overall, but brittle and breaks easily. When bruised, it secretes a large amount of white milky juice, but it has a mild taste. It grows in large numbers in broadleaf forests in summer. It is distributed throughout Japan and around the world.

[Imaseki Rokuya]

Lactarius

The Russulaceae family is divided into the genus Lactarius , which secretes milky juice, and the genus Russula , which does not. The representative species of the Lactarius genus is Lactarius, and there are many other species, but research into them in Japan has been slow, and many do not have Japanese names. All species of the Lactarius genus live in symbiosis with trees by forming mycorrhizae on the roots of trees. Characteristics such as the taste and color of the milky juice are also important clues for distinguishing between species. The main ones are shown below.

(1) The milk is white and not spicy. Chichitake, Hirohachichitake, etc. (2) The milk is white and gradually becomes spicy. Akachimodoki, Himetichitake, etc. (3) The milk is white and extremely spicy. Tsuchikaburi, Keshirohatu, Karahatsutake, etc. (4) The milk changes from white to yellow and is spicy. Kikarahatsu, Kichichitake, etc. (5) The milk changes from white to pale pink and is spicy. Haiirokarachichitake. (6) The milk changes from white to pale pink and is not spicy. Kurochichitake. (7) The milk changes from white to purple and is spicy. Tobichichitake, Uzuhatsu. (8) The milk changes from white to gray-green and is not spicy. Kihatsutake. (9) The milk changes from orange or red to blue-green and is somewhat spicy. Hatutake, Akahatsu, etc.

[Imaseki Rokuya]

Major types of mushrooms (Basidiomycota) (5) [Specimen illustrations]
©Junzo Fujishima ">

Main types of mushrooms (Basidiomycota) (5) […

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

担子菌類、マツタケ目ベニタケ科の食用キノコ。傘は径5～10センチメートル、初めは丸山形であるが、やがて開いて浅い漏斗(ろうと)状となる。表面は黄茶色で粘りはない。ひだは淡黄色を帯びた白。茎は円柱状で黄茶色。全体に硬いが、もろく折れやすい。傷つけると白い乳液を多量に分泌するが、味は辛くない。夏、広葉樹林に多く生える。日本全土をはじめ、世界各地に分布する。

［今関六也］

チチタケ属

ベニタケ科Russulaceaeは乳液を分泌するチチタケ属Lactariusと分泌しないベニタケ属Russulaに分類される。チチタケ属の代表種がチチタケで、ほかにも多くの種があるが日本での研究は遅れており、和名のないものが多い。チチタケ属は、いずれも樹木の根に菌根をつくって木と共生する。また、乳液の味と色などの特徴は、種を見分ける重要な手掛りとなる。以下にそのおもなものを示す。

　(1)乳は白、辛くない。チチタケ、ヒロハチチタケなど。(2)乳は白、しだいに辛くなる。アカチチモドキ、ヒメチチタケなど。(3)乳は白、きわめて辛い。ツチカブリ、ケシロハツ、カラハツタケなど。(4)乳は白から黄色に変わり、辛い。キカラハツ、キチチタケなど。(5)乳は白から淡紅色に変わり、辛い。ハイイロカラチチタケ。(6)乳は白から淡紅色に変わり、辛くない。クロチチタケ。(7)乳は白から紫に変わり、辛い。トビチャチチタケ、ウズハツ。(8)乳は白から灰緑色に変わり、辛くない。キハツタケ。(9)乳は橙(だいだい)色ないし紅色から青緑色に変わり、多少辛い。ハツタケ、アカハツなど。

［今関六也］

キノコのおもな種類（担子菌類）(5)〔…

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