Bogatyryov, PG (English spelling) BogatyryovPG

Japanese: Bogatyryov,P.G.(英語表記)BogatyryovPG
Bogatyryov, PG (English spelling) BogatyryovPG

…The activities of the Prague School of Linguistics, which is an extension of Russian Formalism, continued the research on poetic language (poetics) by Formalism, and promoted research on functional models of speech in general. However, since speech is the use of language in reality, the relationship between language and reality naturally became an issue, and the prospect of interpreting reality as language was opened up. One of the results was Pyotr G. Bogatyryov's (1893-1971) research on the functional structure of national costumes. In contrast, Soviet cultural semiotics focused on the secondary model formation system (such as artistic language as opposed to everyday language) that is formed on natural language, and got its activities on track with Yu.M. Rothman's research on structural poetics and the structure of artistic texts, opening up the prospect of studying cultural texts (Moscow-Tartu School). …

From the Prague School of Linguistics

…It is one of the classical schools of structuralism that arose in Prague, Czechoslovakia in the 1920s. It was active in the fields of linguistics, literary theory, and folklore studies. It is also called the Prague Linguistic Circle or the Prague School. The central figures of this school were the Czech Vilém Mathesius (1882-1945) and the Russian R. Jakobson. Others who joined the school somewhat later included NS Trubeckoy, who joined the school a little later, Jan Mukařovský (1891-1975), who made achievements in literary theory, and Pëtr Grigorievič Bogatyrëv (1893-1971), who studied folklore. …

From [Disguise]

As is well known, costumes do not only protect our bodies from external natural conditions (such as heat and cold), but also serve as social and cultural symbols that indicate the wearer's gender, age, marital status, status, occupation, religion, ethnicity, etc. The book "Functions of Folk Costume in Moravia and Slovakia" (1937) by Pyotr G. Bogatyryov (1893-1971), a Russian folklorist and semiotician, was a pioneering work in the study of the structural function of costumes from this perspective, and one chapter in the book, "Headdresses for Unmarried Mothers," is a thought-provoking example of the symbolic function of costumes and, by extension, the "institutional coercive force" that they create in society. In some parts of Moravia-Slovakia, a girl who becomes an "unmarried mother" through sexual immorality has her loose braided hair cut and is made to wear the same headgear as married women; this change is made without request as soon as the pregnancy is known, and it certainly distinguishes the "fallen girl" from other single girls in the community.

From [Russian Formalism]

...They argued that the subject of literary research should not be "literature, but literariness, that is, what makes a work a literary work." Its main members were Yakobson and PG Bogatyryov (1893-1971) of the Moscow Linguistic Circle, which was founded in 1915, and Shklovsky, Eichenbaum, Tomashevsky, and Tynyanov of the OPOYERS (Society for the Study of Poetic Language), which was founded in 1916. They criticized the fact that literary research up to that point had relied on cultural history, social history, psychology, and philosophy, and attempted to understand literary works as independent linguistic worlds and to elucidate literary works from the perspective of the methods and structures of linguistic expression. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Bogatyryov, PG" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ロシア・フォルマリズムの延長線上にあるプラハ言語学派の活動は,フォルマリズムによる詩的言語(詩学)の研究を引き継ぐとともに,一般に発話の機能モデルの研究を推し進めたが,発話は現実における言語の使用であるから,当然,言語と現実のかかわりあいが問題になり,さらに進んで現実を言語として読み解く展望が開かれた。ボガトゥイリョフPyotr G.Bogatyryov(1893‐1971)の民族衣装の機能構造研究もその成果のひとつであった。これに対してソ連文化記号論は自然言語のうえに形づくられる第2次モデル形成体系(日常言語に対する芸術言語など)に焦点をあて,Yu.M.ロートマンの構造詩学研究,芸術テキストの構造の研究などで活動を軌道にのせ,文化テキストの研究へ見通しを開いた(モスクワ・タルトゥ学派)。…

【プラハ言語学派】より

…1920年代にチェコスロバキアのプラハで興った構造主義の古典学派の一つで,言語学を中心に文芸理論とフォークロア研究の領域で華々しい活躍をした。プラハ言語学サークル,プラーグ学派などとも呼ばれる。この学派の中心になったのはチェコ人のマテジウスVilém Mathesius(1882‐1945)とロシア人のR.ヤコブソンで,このほかにやや遅れてこの学派に加わったN.S.トルベツコイ,文芸理論で業績を残したムカジョフスキーJan Mukařovský(1891‐1975)や,フォークロア研究でのボガトゥイリョフPëtr Grigorievič Bogatyrëv(1893‐1971)らがいる。…

【変装】より

…よく知られるように,衣装は単にわれわれの身体を外的な自然の諸条件(暑さ寒さなど)から保護するだけではなく,その着用者の性別,年齢,婚姻の有無,身分,職業,宗教,民族等々を示す,社会的・文化的な記号としての役割をもっている。ロシア出身の民俗学者・記号論学者ボガトゥイリョフPyotr G.Bogatyryov(1893‐1971)が著した《モラビア・スロバキアにおける民俗衣装の諸機能(邦訳題《衣裳のフォークロア》)》(1937)は,このような側面からの衣装の構造的機能研究の先駆的な業績であるが,その中の一章〈未婚の母のかぶりもの〉は,衣装というものがもつシンボリックな機能,ひいてはそれが社会の中で形づくる〈制度的強制力〉を知る上で,示唆に富む事例となっている。モラビア・スロバキアのいくつかの地域では,性道徳を犯し〈未婚の母〉となった娘は,編んで垂らした髪を切られ,既婚女性と同じかぶりものをすることになるのであるが,そのような変更は,妊娠が知れるやいなや有無をいわさずに行われ,その〈堕落した娘〉は,共同社会の中で他の独身の娘とまちがいなく区別されることになるのである。…

【ロシア・フォルマリズム】より

…〈文学ではなくて,文学性,つまりある作品をして文学作品たらしめているもの〉こそ文学研究の対象とすべきであると主張した。おもなメンバーとしては,1915年に設立されたモスクワ言語学サークルのヤコブソン,ボガトゥイリョフP.G.Bogatyryov(1893‐1971),1916年に設立されたオポヤーズ(詩的言語研究会)のシクロフスキー,エイヘンバウム,トマシェフスキー,トゥイニャーノフらがあげられる。彼らは,それまでの文学研究が文化史や社会史,あるいは心理学や哲学に依拠していることを批判するとともに,文学作品を自立した言語世界としてとらえ,言語表現の方法と構造の面から文学作品を解明しようとした。…

※「Bogatyryov,P.G.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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