Hoffmann method

Japanese: ホフマン方式 - ほふまんほうしき(英語表記)Hoffmann method
Hoffmann method

A method of calculation for calculating the present value of a non-interest bearing fixed term claim before its maturity date. It was invented by F. L. Hoffmann, a German medical statistician. The total amount of the claim at the maturity date is equal to the sum of the present value of the claim and the interim interest earned by investing it until the maturity date, so in order to calculate the present value, the interim interest must be deducted from the total amount of the claim. The Hoffmann method uses the simple interest method, and there are two methods: the simple interest method (the (old) Hoffmann method), which deducts interest during the maturity period all at once, and the compound simple interest method (the new Hoffmann method), which deducts interest for each maturity date such as year or month. Another method for calculating the present value of a claim is the Leibniz method, which deducts interim interest using the compound interest method. The amount of interim interest deducted increases in the order of the new Hoffmann method, the (old) Hoffmann method, and the Leibniz method.

These calculation methods are often also used to calculate a victim's future earnable income (lost profits) in cases of personal injury claims such as traffic accidents, but the method used varies depending on the content of the case and the court's decision.

[Takuji Kaneko]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

無利息期限付債権の弁済期限の到来前に、その現在価額を算定する計算方法の一種。ドイツの医学統計学者F・L・ホフマンによって考案された。弁済期限到来時の債権の総額は、その債権の現在価額と、それを弁済期限まで運用することによって得られる中間利息との合計に等しいから、現在価額を算定するには、債権の総額から中間利息を控除しなければならない。ホフマン方式は、その控除を単利法によって行うもので、弁済期間中の利息をまとめて控除する単利単式((旧)ホフマン方式)と、年または月などの弁済期ごとに控除する単利複式(新ホフマン方式)とがある。なお、このほかに、債権の現在価額を求める方式には、複利複式によって中間利息を控除するライプニッツ方式がある。中間利息の控除額は、新ホフマン方式、(旧)ホフマン方式、ライプニッツ方式の順に多くなる。

 これらの計算方法は、交通事故などの対人賠償事故の際に、被害者の将来の稼得可能所得(逸失利益)を算出する方法としても用いられることが多いが、どの方式を採用するかは、事例の内容や裁判所の判断などによってまちまちである。

[金子卓治]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  The Tales of Hoffmann - Les contes d'Hoffmann

>>:  Hoffman decomposition - Hoffman decomposition

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