Evans, Sir Martin J.

Japanese: エバンズ(英語表記)Evans, Sir Martin J.
Evans, Sir Martin J.
Born January 1, 1941. Stroud. British scientist. He received his master's degree in biochemistry from Christ College, Cambridge in 1966, and his doctorate in anatomy and embryology from University College, London in 1969, after which he taught at the same college. He moved to Cambridge in 1978, and has been a professor of molecular genetics at Cardiff University since 1999. He was a fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1993, and knighted in 2004. In 1981, while researching cell differentiation, he discovered a method for culturing embryonic stem cells (ES cells) together with embryologist Matt H. Kaufman. In 1984, he proved that inserting ES cells into another type of embryo creates a chimera consisting of two types of cells, and in 1987, he succeeded in creating a disease model mouse by introducing a genetic mutation into ES cells. ES cells have expanded their applications in regenerative medicine. For this achievement, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2007 along with Mario R. Capecchi and Oliver Smithies. He has also received many other awards, including the Albert Lasker Medical Research Award (2001). (→ Genetic Engineering )

Evans
Evans, Oliver

Born September 13, 1755 in Newport, Delaware
[Died] April 15, 1819. New York. American inventor. Apprenticed to a millwright at the age of 16. Interested in improving carding technology for the textile industry, which was becoming increasingly popular at the time, he completed a high-speed carding machine in his 20s. In 1784, he designed a water-powered flour mill with an automated entire process, which he built on the outskirts of Philadelphia. After further improvements, in 1801 he established an automated lime fertilizer factory in the city, powered by a steam engine. From 1806 he began improving steam engines, and in 1817 he succeeded in creating a 24-horsepower high-pressure steam engine. He is known as a pioneer of high-pressure engines, along with Britain's R. Trevithick. He also invented the steam dredger. His books include The Young Millwright and Miller's Manual (1792) and The Young Steam Engineer's Manual (1805).

Evans
Evans, Walker

Born: November 3, 1903 in St. Louis
Died April 10, 1975. Connecticut. American photographer. In 1926 he went to Paris, where he was influenced by the documentary photography of E. Atget and decided to become a photographer. After returning to Japan, he began photographing Victorian architecture in New England from around 1930, and in 1934 exhibited his work at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, where it garnered attention. He also played a central role in the camera campaign organized by the Farm Security Administration during the Wall Street Depression. In 1940 he won a Guggenheim Award for documenting tenant farmers in Alabama. After World War II he became an important figure in the American photography world. His major collections include "Tenant Families" (1936) and "Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, 1935-38" (73).

Evans
Evans, Sir Arthur

Born: July 8, 1851, Nash Mills
[Died] July 11, 1941. British archaeologist from Yulbury near Oxford. Full name: Sir Arthur John Evans. Discoverer of Cretan civilization. Graduated from Oxford University. In 1884 he became director of the Ashmole Museum, and in 1899 he established the Cretan Excavation Foundation, promoting the excavation of the Knossos ruins. From the following year, 1900, he excavated the remains of a palace and many undeciphered linear writing materials, making a great contribution to the elucidation of Cretan civilization. He was knighted in 1911. His books include Scripta Minoa (1909) and The Palace of Minos (4 volumes, 1921-36).

Evans
Evans, Dame Edith Mary

Born: February 8, 1888, London
[Died] October 14, 1976, London. British actress. Debuted in 1912. Gained attention for her role as Millamant in Congreve's The Way Things Are (1924). Appeared in many Shakespeare plays, including Portia, at the Old Vic. She gave excellent performances in 17th century comedies, O. Wilde, GB Shaw, and others, and was made a Dame in 1946. She also appeared in many films.

Evans
Evans, Bill

Born: August 16, 1929 in Plainfield, New Jersey
[Died] September 15, 1980. American jazz pianist born in New York. His real name was William John Evans. He gained attention when he joined M. Davis' band in 1958, and in 1959, he formed his own trio with bassist Scott LaFaro and drummer Paul Motian, and gained fame for his delicate and intelligent playing.

Evans
Evans, Gil

Born: May 13, 1912 in Toronto, Canada
[Died] March 20, 1988. Cuernavaca American jazz composer, arranger, and pianist. His real name was Ian Ernest Gilmore Green. He entered the music world in 1930, and arranged for the Claude Thornhill Orchestra from 1941 to 1948. In 1957, he teamed up with M. Davis to release a series of popular works. His works are characterized by the use of the French horn.

Evans
Evans, B. Ifor

Born: August 19, 1899, London
[Dead]?
British literary historian and Provost of the University of London. His works include The Language of Shakespeare's Plays (1952) and English Literature: Values ​​and Traditions (62).

Evans
Evans, Maurice

Born: June 3, 1901 in Dorset
[Died] March 12, 1989, Brighton. British actor. He gained attention in 1928 for his role in Journey's End. In 1935 he moved to the United States and later became a naturalized citizen. He appeared in many of Shakespeare's plays. He also received favorable reviews for his roles in the films Rosemary's Baby (1968) and Planet of the Apes (1969).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1941.1.1. ストラウド
イギリスの科学者。 1966年ケンブリッジ大学クライスト・カレッジで生化学の修士号,1969年ロンドン大学ユニバーシティ・カレッジで解剖学と発生学の博士号を取得後,同カレッジで教鞭をとった。 1978年ケンブリッジ大学に移り,1999年からカーディフ大学の分子遺伝学教授。 1993年ロンドン王立協会のフェロー,2004年ナイトに叙された。細胞の分化を研究中の 1981年,発生学者のマット・H.カウフマンとともに胚性幹細胞 (ES細胞) の培養法を見つけた。 1984年 ES細胞を別の種類の胚に挿入すると2種類の細胞からなるキメラができることを証明,1987年には ES細胞に遺伝子変異を導入して病気のモデルマウス作製に成功。 ES細胞は再生医療への応用を広げた。この業績により,2007年マリオ・R.カペッキ,オリバー・スミシーズとともにノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞した。ほかに,アルバート・ラスカー医学研究賞 (2001) など受賞多数。 (→遺伝工学 )

エバンズ
Evans, Oliver

[生]1755.9.13. デラウェア,ニューポート
[没]1819.4.15. ニューヨーク
アメリカの発明家。 16歳で水車大工職人に徒弟奉公。当時盛んになりはじめた繊維工業の梳毛技術の改良に関心をもち,20歳代で高速梳毛機を完成。 1784年,全工程をオートメーション化した水力式製粉工場を設計,フィラデルフィア郊外に建設した。さらに改良を重ね,1801年には市内に蒸気機関を動力とするオートメーション式石灰肥料工場を設立。 06年以降は蒸気機関の改良に着手,17年には 24馬力の高圧蒸気機関の作製に成功した。イギリスの R.トレビシックと並んで高圧機関の草分けとして知られる。ほかに蒸気浚渫船の発明も手がけた。著書に『若き水車大工および製粉業者のための手引』 (1792) ,『若き蒸気機関技師の手引』 (1805) がある。

エバンズ
Evans, Walker

[生]1903.11.3. セントルイス
[没]1975.4.10. コネティカット
アメリカの写真家。 1926年パリに行き,E.アッジェの記録写真に影響を受け写真家を志す。帰国後 30年頃からニューイングランド諸州に残るビクトリア朝期の建築を撮影し,34年ニューヨーク近代美術館で発表して注目された。またウォール街の大恐慌下,農業安定局 Farm Security Administrationが組織したカメラ・キャンペーンで,中心的役割を果した。 40年グッゲンハイム賞を得て,アラバマ州の小作人の記録を撮る。第2次世界大戦後はアメリカ写真界で重きをなした。主要作品集『小作人の家族』 (1936) ,『ウォーカー・エバンズ=FSAのための写真・1935~38』 (73) など。

エバンズ
Evans, Sir Arthur

[生]1851.7.8. ナッシュミルズ
[没]1941.7.11. オックスフォード近郊ユルベリー
イギリスの考古学者。フルネーム Sir Arthur John Evans。クレタ文明の発見者。オックスフォード大学卒業。1884年アシュモール博物館館長,1899年クレタ発掘財団を設立し,クノッソス遺跡の発掘を推進した。翌 1900年より宮殿址ならびに未解読の線状文字資料多数を発掘し,クレタ文明の解明に大きな貢献をなした。1911年ナイトの称号を得る。著書には『ミノア文字』Scripta Minoa(1909),『クノッソスのミノスの宮殿』The Palace of Minos(4巻,1921~36)などがある。

エバンズ
Evans, Dame Edith Mary

[生]1888.2.8. ロンドン
[没]1976.10.14. ロンドン
イギリスの女優。 1912年デビュー。コングリーブの『世の習い』 (1924) のミラマント役などで注目された。オールド・ビック劇場で,ポーシャ役をはじめ多くのシェークスピア劇に出演。 17世紀喜劇,O.ワイルド,G.B.ショーなどの作品にすぐれた演技を見せ,46年デイムの称号を受けた。映画出演も多い。

エバンズ
Evans, Bill

[生]1929.8.16. ニュージャージー,プレーンフィールド
[没]1980.9.15. ニューヨーク
アメリカのジャズピアニスト。本名 William John Evans。 1958年 M.デービスのバンドに参加して注目され,59年にベースのスコット・ラファロ,ドラムのポール・モティアンを加えた自己のトリオを結成,デリケートで知的な演奏によって名声を高めた。

エバンズ
Evans, Gil

[生]1912.5.13. カナダ,トロント
[没]1988.3.20. クエルナバカ
アメリカのジャズ作曲,編曲家,ピアニスト。本名 Ian Ernest Gilmore Green。 1930年に楽界に入り,41~48年はクロード・ソーンヒル楽団に編曲を提供,57年からは M.デービスと組んで次々と話題作を発表。フレンチ・ホルンの使用に特色がある。

エバンズ
Evans, B. Ifor

[生]1899.8.19. ロンドン
[没]?
イギリスの文学史家。ロンドン大学学寮長。『シェークスピア劇の言語』 The Language of Shakespeare's Plays (1952) ,『イギリス文学-価値と伝統』 English Literature: Values and Traditions (62) などの著書がある。

エバンズ
Evans, Maurice

[生]1901.6.3. ドーセット
[没]1989.3.12. ブライトン
イギリスの俳優。 1928年『旅路の終り』で注目される。 35年アメリカに渡り,のちに帰化。多くのシェークスピア劇に出演。また,映画『ローズマリーの赤ちゃん』 (1968) ,『猿の惑星』 (同) でも好評を得た。

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