An ancient city in northwestern Mesopotamia. Currently Urfa, Turkey. Located in the Harran Plain, it flourished as a key transportation hub from Anatolia to northern Mesopotamia. In the 2nd millennium BC, there was a Hurrian town, but it was destroyed by the Hittites in the 14th century BC. It was called Urhai in ancient Aramaic, and Islam considers it the birthplace of Abraham. In the 3rd century BC, a military base was established and it was renamed Edessa. It flourished as the center of Syrian culture from the 2nd to the 10th centuries as the capital of the Kingdom of Osroene. In particular, Christianity was introduced in 150, and it soon became the center of Christianity in Syria, the first Christian state was founded, and a Syriac version of the New Testament also appeared. In the 5th century, it became the center of Nestorianism, but was conquered by Muslims in 638. In 1098, the Crusaders recaptured it from the Seljuk Empire and established a Christian base again, but in 1144 it was conquered again by Muslims, and in 1636 it came under the control of the Ottoman Empire. The site of the 1894 genocide of Armenian Christians by the Turks. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
メソポタミア北西部の古代都市。現トルコのウルファ。ハラン平原に位置し,アナトリアからメソポタミア北部へ通じる交通の要衝として栄え,前2千年紀にはフルリ人の町があったが,前 14世紀にヒッタイト人に滅ぼされた。古代アラマイ語でウルハイと呼ばれ,イスラム教はこの町をアブラハムの生地とするが,前3世紀軍事基地が設置されてエデッサと改称,オスロエネ王国の都として,2世紀から 10世紀にかけてシリア文化の中心地として栄えた。特に 150年キリスト教が伝わり,まもなくシリアでのキリスト教中心地となり,最初のキリスト教国が建国され,新約聖書のシリア語版も現れた。5世紀ネストリウス派の中心地となったが,638年イスラム教徒によって征服された。 1098年十字軍がセルジューク朝から奪回して再びキリスト教の根拠地を建設したが,1144年再度イスラム教徒が征服し,さらに 1636年オスマン帝国の支配下に入った。 1894年トルコによるアルメニア人キリスト教徒の大虐殺が行われたところ。
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