Mandala of Both Worlds

Japanese: 両界曼荼羅 - りょうかいまんだら

The combined name of the Vajrayana Mandala and the Garbhadra Mandala. They are also called the Ryōbu Mandala. They are large-scale mandalas that are composed of two systems that integrate and assemble various esoteric Buddhist deities with Mahavairocana as the main figure, and are considered to be the most important symbolic representation of the cosmological view of the True Esoteric Buddhism. The Garbhadra Mandala consists of 12 temples and the Garbhadra Mandala consists of 9 temples. They were originally developed separately, based on the Mahavairocana Sutra and the Vajrasekhara Sutra, respectively, but in China they came to be used as complementary works, with the former placed in the east and the latter in the west. The Tang Dynasty's Huiguo played a major role in the establishment of the Ryōkai map as a set, and the Ryōkai map that he had drawn and given to Kukai was later brought to Japan, where it became the original model of the so-called 'present-drawn' mandalas in Eastern Esoteric Buddhism, and gave rise to many transcriptions. The Takao Mandala (Jingo-ji Temple) is the oldest of these. As a rule, they are colored, including the three-fold scroll (Den Shingon-in Mandala) housed at Kyoogokoku-ji Temple, but there are also some made of gold and silver paint, such as the Takao Mandala mentioned above. Generally, most of the scrolls are large in size, as they contain many deities.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

金剛界曼荼羅と胎蔵界曼荼羅の併称。両部曼荼羅ともいう。大日如来を主尊とし，密教の諸尊を2種の体系に統合総集して構成した大規模な曼荼羅で，正純密教の説く宇宙観を象徴的に表わすものとして最も重視されてきた。胎蔵界は 12院，金剛界は9会から成り，おのおの『大日経』『金剛頂経』を所依 (しょえ) として，元来別々に展開してきたが，中国において両者相補うべきものとして前者を東，後者を西に位置させて用いるようになった。このようなセットとしての両界図の成立には唐の恵果が大きな役割を果し，彼が図絵させて空海に授けた両界図は日本に将来されて，東密におけるいわゆる現図曼荼羅の祖本となり，多くの転写本を生んだ。『高雄曼荼羅』 (神護寺) はその最古の遺品。教王護国寺蔵三幅本 (伝真言院曼荼羅) をはじめ，彩色されるのが原則であるが，前記『高雄曼荼羅』のような金銀泥によるものもある。多数の諸尊を配するため一般に大幅本が多い。

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