Isonitrile

Japanese: イソニトリル
Isonitrile

isocyanide. Also called carbylamine. A compound in which an isocyano group -NC is bonded to a hydrocarbon group R, and is represented by the general formula RNC, and is an isomer of the nitrile RCN. It is named as an isocyanide. It is obtained by decomposing an adduct of an alkyl halide with silver cyanide using potassium cyanide.

RNC + K[Ag(CN) 2 ]

It can also be obtained by adding chloroform and alcoholic potassium to a primary amine and heating it. This reaction is called the carbylamine reaction and is used to detect primary amines and chloroform.

RNH 2 + CHCl 3 + 3KOH → RNC + 3KCl + 3H 2 O

The structure is

RN + ≡C - : (or R-NC)
It is generally a colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Its boiling point is lower than that of the corresponding nitrile. It is toxic. It is weakly alkaline and stable in alkali, but is hydrolyzed by acid to give formic acid and a primary amine. It is reduced to a secondary amine with a methyl group. It isomerizes to a nitrile when heated. It polymerizes slowly at room temperature.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

isocyanide.カルビルアミンともいう.イソシアノ基-NCが炭化水素基Rに結合した化合物で,一般式RNCで表され,ニトリルRCNの異性体である.イソシアニドとして命名される.ハロゲン化アルキルにシアン化銀を作用させた付加物をシアン化カリウムで分解すると得られる.

RNC + K[Ag(CN)2] 

また,第一級アミンにクロロホルムとアルコール性カリを加えて加熱すると得られる.この反応はカルビルアミン反応といい,第一級アミンやクロロホルムの検出に用いられる.

RNH2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH → RNC + 3KCl + 3H2O

構造は

R-N≡C:(またはR-NC)
として示される.一般に,不快臭の無色の液体.沸点は相当するニトリルより低い.有毒.弱アルカリ性で,アルカリに対しては安定であるが,酸によって加水分解してギ酸と第一級アミンとを生じる.還元によりメチル基をもつ第二級アミンになる.加熱によって異性化してニトリルになる.室温で徐々に重合する.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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