It is one of the Baltic-Finnic languages of the Uralic language family, and is close to Finnish. It is spoken by about 60% of the Estonians, out of the 1.6 million people in the Republic of Estonia (1992). It is divided into northern and southern dialects, the difference between which is large, and Estonian written language is based on the northern dialect. It consists of nine vowels and sixteen consonants, with three levels of length for the vowels and consonants, such as lina "city", linna "of the city", and linnna "to the city". Morphologically, nouns can be singular or plural, and can change into 14 cases. Verbs can be conjugated into the present or past tense depending on the person and number, and have four moods: indicative, conditional, imperative, and hearsay. The oldest document is the Catechism (1525) by Wanradt and Koell, and the national epic poem Kalevipoeg (1857) by Kreuzwald is also known as the foundation of national literature. [Koizumi Tamotsu] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ウラル語族のフィン語系バルト・フィン諸語の一つで、フィンランド語に近い。エストニア共和国の人口160万(1992)のうち約60%のエストニア人により話されている。北と南の方言に分かれ、その差は大きく、北方言に基づいてエストニア文語がつくられている。9の母音と16の子音からなり、lina「市」、linna「市の」、linnna「市へ」のように、母音と子音に3段の長さの区別がある。形態的には、名詞は単数と複数で、14格に変化する。動詞は人称と数により、現在と過去に活用し、直接法、条件法、命令法、伝聞法の四つの法をもつ。最古の文献としてはバンラッドWanradtとキョルKoellによる『教義問答』(1525)があり、クロイツワルトの手になる民族叙事詩『カレビポエク』Kalevipoeg(1857)も国民文学の基として知られている。 [小泉 保] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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