…A Czech writer and journalist. A genius who left behind masterpieces in every literary genre, he became world famous for his play RUR (commonly known as Robot, 1920), and the word robot (artificial human), which he created together with his brother, the painter Josef Čapek (1887-1945), became popular all over the world. Among his works, plays such as RUR, The Life of Insects (1921), and The Makropoulos Affair (1922), a unique collection of detective short stories Words from a Pocket (1929), a gardening essay Twelve Months of a Gardener (1922), a fairy tale The Long, Long Doctor's Tale (original title Nine Fairy Tales, 1932), and a science fiction novel The Salamander War (1936) have been translated into Japanese. … From [Robot]...Cyborgs, which are a combination of organic matter and machinery, can also be considered robots in the broad sense, and mechanical dolls (automata) can also be considered precursors of robots. The term robot was first used in K. Capek's play RUR (1920). It comes from the Czech word robota, which means "forced labor," and in that sense is closer to the modern industrial robot. *Some of the terminology that refers to "RUR" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…チェコ文学を代表する作家で新聞人。文学のあらゆるジャンルに名作を残した天才で,劇作品《R.U.R.(エルウーエル)》(通称《ロボット》1920)で世界的に有名になり,兄である画家のヨゼフJosef Čapek(1887‐1945)と共同で作ったロボット(人造人間)という語は世界中にひろまった。その作品のうち,この《R.U.R.》,《虫の生活》(1921),《マクロプロス事件》(1922)などの戯曲,ユニークな推理短編集《ひとつのポケットから出た語》(1929),園芸随筆《園芸家の十二ヵ月》(1922),童話《長い長いお医者さんの話》(原題《九つのおとぎ話》1932),SF長編《山椒魚(さんしよううお)戦争》(1936)などには邦訳がある。… 【ロボット】より…有機体と機械を合成したサイボーグも広義のロボットといえ,さらにからくり人形(自動人形automata)の類もロボットの先駆形態と考えることができよう。ロボットという名称が初めて使われたのは,K.チャペックの戯曲《R.U.R.(エルウーエル)》(1920)においてである。これはチェコ語で〈強制労働〉を意味する語ロボタrobotaからきたもので,その点では現代の工業用ロボットの感覚に近い。… ※「《R.U.R.》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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