...His disciple was Govinda, and his disciple was said to be Shankara. In the Māṇḍūkya‐Kārikā (also called Gaudapadiya Kārikā), which is attributed to him, the non-dual monism is clearly stated for the first time, stating that the phenomenal world experienced during awakening is false, just like the world experienced in dreams, that reality is non-dual advaita, and that the individual self and the atman are not different. The later chapters are more Buddhist in tone, and especially in the final chapter, there is a theory that the world is a manifestation of vijñāna, which is very similar to the Buddhist Yogacara school's theory of "non-realm of consciousness" and "transformation of consciousness."

From the Nondualist School

…The most influential school of Vedanta, which constitutes the mainstream of Indian philosophy, was founded by Shankara (c. 700-c. 750). In Sanskrit it is called Advaita. The philosophical position of this school is called advaitavāda, which is based on the idea of the oneness of Brahman and Atman in the Upanishads, and holds that Brahman, the fundamental principle of the universe, is exactly the same as Atman, the essence of the individual, and that only Brahman, or Atman, exists; everything else is based on ignorance or maya (illusionary power) and does not exist as if it were an illusion.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "advaita" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…弟子がゴービンダ，そのまた弟子がシャンカラと伝えられている。彼に帰せられる《マーンドゥーキヤ･カーリカーMāṇḍūkya‐Kārikā》(別名《ガウダパーディーヤ･カーリカー》)には，覚醒時に経験する現象界は，夢で経験する世界と同じく虚妄であり，真実は不二advaitaであり，個我とアートマンは不異であると，不二一元論が初めて明らかに述べられている。後の章になるほど仏教的色彩が濃く，特に最終章では，世界は識vijñānaの顕現したものであると，仏教瑜伽行派の〈唯識無境〉〈識の転変〉説に酷似した説が見られる。…

【不二一元論派】より

…インド哲学の主流を成すベーダーンタ学派中の最も有力な，シャンカラ(700ころ‐750ころ)を開祖とする学派。サンスクリットでアドバイタAdvaitaと呼ばれる。この派の哲学的立場は不二一元論(アドバイタバーダadvaitavāda)といわれ，ウパニシャッドの梵我一如の思想を踏まえ，宇宙の根本原理ブラフマンは個人の本体であるアートマンとまったく同一であり，ブラフマンすなわちアートマンのみが実在し，それ以外のいっさいは無明またはマーヤー(幻力)に基づき，あたかも幻影のように実在しない。…

※「advaita」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

<<: Advaita-siddhi (English spelling)

>>: adult-type diabetes