...also pronounced Virus or Virus. A group of pathogens smaller than bacteria, consisting of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and protein. The nucleic acid carrying genetic information is covered by a protein coat, and each virus parasitizes the host bacteria or cells of an organism, using the host's protein synthesis and energy to replicate itself. Viruses are often described as "something between living and non-living" because they are extremely small and simple, measuring tens to hundreds of nanometers, and because they do not have the ability to replicate themselves on their own, which is a requirement for living organisms, and can only replicate themselves by parasitizing them. *Some of the terminology used in the "history of virus research" is explained below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ビールス,バイラスなどとも発音される。核酸(DNAもしくはRNA)とタンパク質からなる,細菌よりも小さな一群の病原体。遺伝情報を担う核酸がタンパク質の外被におおわれた構造をもち,それぞれのウイルスに特有の宿主となる細菌や生物の細胞に寄生して,宿主のタンパク質合成能やエネルギーを利用して,自己増殖を行う。ウイルスは,その大きさが数十~数百nmときわめて小さく単純であることと,単独では生物としての要件である自己増殖能をもたず,寄生してはじめて自己増殖を行うことから,しばしば〈生物と無生物の間にあるもの〉と表現されることがある。… ※「ウイルス研究史」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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