Wallachia - Warakia (English spelling)

Japanese: ワラキア - わらきあ(英語表記)Walachia
Wallachia - Warakia (English spelling)

A historical region in southern Romania between the Southern Carpathian Mountains and the Danube River. Its Romanian name is Ţara Româneascǎ. In the Middle Ages, it formed the Principality of Wallachia. In a narrow sense, it is made up of two regions, Oltenia in the west, and Muntenia in the center and east, and in a broad sense, it is made up of three regions, including Dobrusia on the Black Sea coast. Oltenia is also called Little Wallachia, and the Jiu and Olt rivers flow through it, and the plains are covered with sand, but are cultivated. Muntenia is also called Great Wallachia, and includes the Braceia Plain, where the Romanian capital Bucharest is located, the Barragan Plain, and the Gabanu Brudea Plain. The Braceia Plain was a vast forest area, but is now fertile cultivated land. The Barragan Plain is a flat, dry steppe area, but the Ialomitsa River flows through it. Wallachia is a grain-producing region, producing more than 40% of the total agricultural produce, and is currently an oil field development area. The central city (the capital of the Principality of Wallachia) was Targovişte until the 17th century, and later Bucharest. Other cities include Craiova, Braila, and Ploieşti.

[Seinosuke Sasada]

history

The Romanians, who are said to be descendants of the Dacians who adopted ancient Roman culture, expelled the Tatars from the lower Danube region in the 13th century under the protection of the Hungarians and settled in this region. Around 1330, the Romanians in this region established the Principality of Wallachia, independent of Hungary, under the leadership of Basarab (reigned 1310?-52), but in 1415 they accepted the suzerainty of the Ottoman Turks. Under the reign of Mihai the Brave (reigned 1593-1601), the Turks were expelled from the country and Romanian-inhabited areas such as Moldavia were integrated, but after his death the area fell under Turkish control again. In the 19th century, the momentum for independence from Turkey also grew in the Principality of Wallachia, and during the Vladimirescu Revolt of 1821 and the National Revolution of 1848, revolutionaries temporarily showed signs of controlling the capital Bucharest. In 1859, both the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia elected the same man, Cuza, as Grand Duke, and in December 1861 the two principalities became a single principality called Romania, with its capital at Bucharest.

[Kido Tsuyoshi]

[References] | Cusa | Craiova | Dacia | Targoviste | Dobruscia | Bucharest | Braila | Ploiesti | Mihai (the Brave) | Moldavia | Romania

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ルーマニア南部、南カルパティア山脈とドナウ川の間に広がる歴史的地域。ルーマニア語名ツァーラ・ロムネアスカŢara Româneascǎ。中世にはワラキア公国を形成した。狭義には西部のオルテニアOltenia、中央および東部のムンテニアMunteniaの2地域で、広義には黒海沿岸部のドブルジアを含めた3地域からなる。オルテニアは小ワラキアともよばれ、ジウ川とオルト川が流れ、平野は砂地に覆われているが、耕地化されている。ムンテニアは大ワラキアともよばれ、ルーマニアの首都ブクレシュティ(ブカレスト)のあるブラシア平野とバラガン平野、ガバヌ・ブルデア平野が広がる。ブラシア平野は広大な森林地帯であったが、現在は肥沃(ひよく)な耕地になっている。バラガン平野は平坦(へいたん)で乾燥したステップ地帯であるが、ヤロミツァ川が流れる。ワラキア地方は穀倉地帯で、全農産物の40%以上を生産すると同時に、現在では油田開発地帯でもある。中心都市(ワラキア公国の首都)は17世紀までトゥルゴビシュテ、以後ブクレシュティ。ほかにクライオーバ、ブライラ、プロイエシュティなどの都市がある。

[佐々田誠之助]

歴史

古代ローマの文化を受け入れたダキア人の後裔(こうえい)とされるルーマニア人は、ハンガリー人の保護を受けながら13世紀にドナウ川下流地域からタタール人を駆逐し、この地方に定住した。1330年ごろこの地方のルーマニア人はバサラブ(在位1310?~52)の指導下にハンガリーから独立したワラキア公国を樹立したが、1415年になってオスマン・トルコの宗主権を受け入れた。ミハイ(勇敢王、在位1593~1601)の治世下に国土からトルコ人を追い出し、モルダビアなどのルーマニア人居住地域を統合したが、彼の死後ふたたびトルコの支配下に陥った。19世紀に入るとワラキア公国でもトルコからの独立の気運が高まり、1821年のウラジミレスクの反乱や48年の民族革命の際には、革命派が一時首都ブクレシュティを支配する勢いを示した。1859年にワラキアとモルダビアの両公国は同一人物クーザを大公に選出、61年12月には両公国はブクレシュティを首都とするルーマニアという名の単一公国となった。

[木戸 蓊]

[参照項目] | クーザ | クライオーバ | ダキア | トゥルゴビシュテ | ドブルジア | ブクレシュティ | ブライラ | プロイエシュティ | ミハイ(勇敢王) | モルダビア | ルーマニア

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