Kawaiwatake (English name) Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann.

Japanese: カワイワタケ（英語表記）Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann.

A foliose lichen that grows on rocks exposed to water spray in mountain streams. It is also called Akaurakawaiwatake because the underside is reddish brown. The lichen body is leathery and thick, with a simple leaf that spreads out in a circular shape and is attached by a central umbilicus. The upper surface is bright green and turns yellowish brown when dry. It is smooth and has no powdery or lobed buds. It also has no rhizoids. The angiosperm is flask-shaped and buried in the lichen body, with only the apex appearing as a black dot from the upper surface. It is widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, and five species are known in Japan from Hokkaido to Kyushu.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

山間部の渓流中の水しぶきのかかるような岩上に生える葉状地衣。裏が赤褐色なので，アカウラカワイワタケともいう。地衣体は革質で厚く，単葉で類円形に広がり，中央部の臍状体（さいじようたい）で付着する。表は鮮緑色，乾くと黄褐色となり，平滑で粉芽や裂芽はない。仮根もない。被子器はフラスコ状で地衣体中に埋まり，表からは頂端のみが黒い点状に見える。北半球一帯に広く分布し，日本では北海道から九州までに5種が知られている。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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